2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Bhutan_urban_6页_285kb

2016 Bhutan Urban Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) Fact Sheet Summary

I. Survey Methodology

• Target Population: Students in Grades 7-11 (aged 13-17).
• Sampling Design: Two-stage cluster sampling based on school enrollment size. All students in selected classrooms were eligible to participate.
• Response Rates:
  • School response rate: 100%
  • Student response rate: 94%
  • Overall response rate: 94%
• Participants: 3,629 students total.
• Survey Content: Self-reported data on students' behavioral and health risk factors via computer.

II. Data Summary (Prevalence Estimates % with 95% CI)

The following summarizes key prevalence data for various health behaviors among three age groups (13-15, 16-17, overall 13-17) by gender (total, male, female).

Alcohol Use

• Current Use (30-day): Similar trends across ages, higher in males than females (e.g., 13-15: Male 26%, Female 12%).
• Ever Drunk (life): Similar trends, higher in males (e.g., 13-15: Male 21%, Female 10%).
• First Drink Age (13-17 only): While 73% of ever-drinkers among the total younger group did it after 14, a larger proportion of ever-drinkers in the older group did so younger (Males 41%, Females 41%.

Dietary Behaviors

• Underweight prevalence low (2-3% across groups).
• Overweight significant (11-15%).
• Obesity prevalence low (2-3%).
• Carbonated soft drink consumption high (41-47%).

Drug Use

• Ever used marijuana: Higher in females for younger group (10%), lower in males for younger group (6%), mixed in older group.

Hygiene

• Tooth cleaning/brushing consistent high rate (>90%).
• Hand washing after toilet low rate (4-5%). *

Mental Health

• Suicidal ideation and attempts prevalent (10-13% ideation, 8-10% attempts). Prevalence higher in older age group (males 12%, females 14% for attempts).

Physical Activity

• Insufficient activity typical (less than 60 mins/day reported by ~17%).
• School PE attendance variable (12-18%).

Protective Factors

• Absenteeism without permission common (20-28%).
• Parental understanding/support high (40-47%).
• Parental awareness of free time high (40-43%).

Sexual Behaviors

• Ever had intercourse: Low, higher in older group (14%, 21%).
• First intercourse age (13-17 only): Many younger teens started early (30% of ever-users).

Condom Use

• Usage reported by about 65-70% among those who had intercourse. *

Tobacco Use

• Current tobacco use significant (27%) especially in older teens. Cigarettes: 23%. Passive smoking common (52-59%).

Violence and Unintentional Injury

• Physical fights and injuries prevalent (40-46%), higher in males.
• Bullying common (30%) across ages. Serious injury rate high (45%).