2007-12-31-世界卫生组织-2008_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Pakistan_Peshawar_1页_37kb

Pakistan - Peshawar (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Pakistan - Peshawar Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey conducted in 2008 that collected data from students in grades 8 through 10. The survey aimed to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and evaluate the influence of various determinants on youth tobacco behavior. It used a two-stage cluster sampling method, ensuring a representative sample of the student population. The survey achieved a high response rate across all stages, with a total of 559 students aged 13-15 participating.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• Ever smoked cigarettes: 12.7% of students (16.9% males, 3.6% females)
• Current tobacco use: 9.8% of students (12.1% males, 3.5% females)
• Current cigarette smoking: 2.3% of students (3.3% males, 0% females)
• Current shisha smoking: 1.2% of students (0.3% males, 0.6% females)
• Current use of other tobacco products: 8.8% of students (10.7% males, 3.5% females)
• Likely to initiate smoking next year: 3.6% of never smokers

Knowledge and Attitudes

• Perception of smoking attractiveness: 13.1% of students think boys who smoke look more attractive, while 10.2% think girls who smoke look more attractive.
• Perception of social acceptance: 26.1% think boys who smoke have more friends, while 10.7% think girls who smoke have more friends.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• Living with smokers at home: 14.0% of students live in homes where others smoke in their presence.
• Exposure in public places: 36.9% are exposed to smoke in places outside their home.
• Parents who smoke: 19.7% of students have one or more parents who smoke.
• Friends who smoke: 6.3% have most or all friends who smoke.
• Awareness of harm: 65.4% believe smoke from others is harmful to them.
• Support for smoking bans: 81.6% think smoking should be banned from public places.

Media and Advertising

• Anti-smoking media messages: 76.8% of students have seen anti-smoking messages in the past 30 days.
• Pro-cigarette ads: 64.6% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, and 63.0% saw them in newspapers or magazines.
• Brand exposure: 7.6% have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• Free cigarette offers: 7.4% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

Main Points

• Tobacco use among youth is relatively low, with only 9.8% currently using any tobacco product.
• Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use, though it is less prevalent among females.
• Secondhand smoke exposure is moderate, with a significant portion of students exposed in both home and public environments.
• Public opinion supports smoking bans, with over 80% of students believing smoking should be prohibited in public places.
• Media plays a dual role, with anti-smoking messages being more common than pro-cigarette advertisements, but the latter still having a notable impact.
• Brand exposure and marketing efforts are minimal, with less than 10% of students having seen cigarette brand logos or receiving free cigarettes.

Key Information

• Sampling method: Two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to enrollment size.
• Response rates: School response rate = 100%, class response rate = 100%, student response rate = 85.9%.
• Survey focus: Includes five determinants: access/availability and price, exposure to SHS, cessation, media and advertising, and school curriculum.
• Recommendations: The survey highlights the need for comprehensive tobacco control programs that address the factors influencing youth tobacco use, such as awareness of harm, social perceptions, and media exposure.

Conclusion

The Pakistan - Peshawar GYTS provides valuable insights into the tobacco use patterns and attitudes of adolescents in the region. While the prevalence of tobacco use is relatively low, the survey identifies key areas where intervention is needed, including reducing SHS exposure, improving media messaging, and addressing social norms that may encourage smoking. These findings can inform public health policies and programs aimed at preventing youth tobacco use.