2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Mauritius_2021_country_profile_10页_362kb

Mauritius Country Profile Summary: MPOWER Measures

Core Content Overview

This summary outlines the implementation of MPOWER measures in Mauritius, a set of tobacco control strategies defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Each measure is evaluated based on compliance levels (0-10) and includes key information on monitoring, smoke-free environments, cessation programmes, health warnings, mass media campaigns, advertising bans, and taxation.

MPOWER Compliance Score

Compliance Color Key

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

• Date of signature: 17 June 2003
• Date of ratification: 17 May 2004
• Population: 1,271,767
• Income group: High-income

National Tobacco Control Programme (as of 31 December 2020)

• National government objectives: Yes
• National agency: Yes
• Full-time equivalent staff: 1
• Government expenditures on tobacco control (2016): MUR 10,000,000

Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• Nationally representative surveys of adults: Recent and representative, but not periodic
• Nationally representative surveys of adolescents: Recent, representative, and periodic
• Tobacco use prevalence (2015):
  • Male: 38.5% current, 38.5% daily
  • Female: 4.1% current, 4.1% daily
  • Both sexes: 19.7% current, 19.7% daily
• Tobacco smoking prevalence (2015):
  • Male: 38.5% current, 38.5% daily
  • Female: 4.1% current, 4.1% daily
• Cigarette smoking prevalence (2015):
  • Male: 35.1% current, 27.1% daily
  • Female: 2.8% current, 1.2% daily
• Smokeless tobacco use prevalence (2015):
  • Male: 22.8% current, 19.6% daily
  • Female: 13.7% current, 11.5% daily
• E-cigarette use prevalence (2016):
  • Male: 2.11% current, 1.5% daily
  • Female: 4.31% current, 1.2% daily
• Age-standardized smoking prevalence (2019):
  • Male: 20.8% current, 15.5% daily
  • Female: 3.1% current, 1.5% daily
  • Both sexes: 18.9% current, 14.1% daily

Protect People from Tobacco Smoke (2020)

• Health-care facilities: Complete (score 8)
• Educational facilities (excluding universities): Complete (score 7)
• Universities: Moderate (score 5)
• Government facilities: Complete (score 8)
• Indoor offices and workplaces: No policy (—)
• Restaurants: Complete (score 9)
• Cafés, pubs and bars: Moderate (score 3)
• Public transport: Complete (score 9)
• Compliance score: 6
• Fines for smoking violations: Yes
• Fines on establishments: Yes
• Fines on smokers: Yes
• Complaint system with investigation: Yes
• Funds dedicated for enforcement: No

Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use

• Toll-free quit line: No
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
  • Legally sold: Yes
  • Purchased from: Pharmacy without Rx
  • Covered by health insurance: Fully
  • On essential drugs list: No
• Bupropion:
  • Legally sold: Yes
  • Purchased from: Pharmacy with Rx
  • Covered by health insurance: Fully
• Varenicline:
  • Legally sold: No
  • Purchased from: —
  • Covered by health insurance: —
• Smoking cessation support available:
  • Health clinics: Yes in most
  • Hospitals: Yes in most
  • Health professional office: Yes in most
  • Community: Yes in most
  • Other: Yes in some
• Coverage of cessation support by health insurance:
  • Health clinics: Fully
  • Hospitals: Fully
  • Health professional office: No
  • Community: Fully
  • Other: Fully

Warn About the Dangers of Tobacco

• Health warnings on tobacco packages (2020):
  • Mandated: Yes for cigarettes and other smoked tobacco
  • Percentage of principal display area: 65% (front and rear combined)
  • Top of principal display area: Yes
  • Font style, size, and color: Yes for cigarettes, No for other smoked tobacco
  • Rotating warnings: Yes
  • Warnings in principal language(s): Yes
  • Warnings not obscured: Yes
  • Include photographs or graphics: Yes for cigarettes, No for other smoked tobacco
  • Warnings on each package and outside packaging: Yes
  • Apply to all tobacco products: Yes
  • Ban on misleading descriptors: Yes
  • Ban on quantitative emission yields: Yes
  • Ban on tobacco product display at point of sale: Yes
• Compliance score for health warnings: 8

Enforce Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship

• Direct advertising bans (2020):
  • National TV and radio: Yes (score 7)
  • International TV and radio: Yes (score —)
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes (score 9)
  • International magazines and newspapers: Yes (score —)
  • Billboards and outdoor advertising: Yes (score 9)
  • Advertising at point of sale: Yes (score 6)
  • Internet advertising: Yes (score —)
  • Other direct bans: Yes (score —)
  • Compliance score of direct bans: 8
• Indirect advertising bans (2020):
  • Free distribution: Yes (score 6)
  • Promotional discounts: Yes (score 9)
  • Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: Yes (score 7)
  • Brand name of non-tobacco products used for tobacco products: Yes (score 6)
  • Product placement in TV/films: Yes (score 7)
  • Appearance of tobacco products in TV/films: No (—)
  • Prescribed anti-tobacco ads before/after tobacco content: No (—)
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes (score 10)
  • Ban on sponsorship contributions: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR activities: Yes
  • Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Entities publicizing tobacco CSR: Yes
  • Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: Yes
  • Ban on tobacco vending machines: Yes
  • Ban on internet sales: No
• Compliance score of indirect bans: 10

Raise Taxes on Tobacco

• Taxation policy and prices (as of 31 July 2020):
  • Price of lowest cost brand (20 cigarettes): MUR137.00
  • Price of premium brand (20 cigarettes): MUR240.00
  • Tax on most sold brand (20 cigarettes):
    • Total taxes: 81.19% of retail price
    • Specific excise: 68.15%
    • Ad valorem excise: 0.00%
    • VAT/sales tax: 13.04%
    • Import duty: 0.00%
    • Other taxes: 0.00%
• Affordability of cigarettes:
  • % of GDP per capita to buy 100 packs: 4.28%
  • Cigarettes less affordable in 2020 than 2018: Yes
  • Trend from 2010 to 2020: Yes, cigarettes became less affordable

Use of Earmarked Tobacco Taxes for Health

• Earmarking reported: No

Supplementary Tax Information

• Type of excise applied: Specific excise
• Uniform excise tax applied: Yes
• Price dispersion (cheapest to premium brand): 57.08%
• Sales of duty-free cigarettes banned: No

Summary of MPOWER Measures (Legend)