亚开行-2025年亚太可持续发展目标伙伴关系报告——实现公正转型_推进体面工作_性别平等和社会保护（英）-2025.2_92页_8mb

Summary of the Report "Delivering a Just Transition: Advancing Decent Work, Gender Equality, and Social Protection"

The Asia-Pacific region is at a critical juncture in its transition to green and blue economies, aiming to address climate change while ensuring a just and inclusive process. This transition is urgent but must avoid disproportionately burdening vulnerable groups. Below is a structured summary of the key findings, challenges, and recommendations:

1. Context and Urgency

• Environmental Pressures: Climate change is escalating, threatening the region's ecosystems, livelihoods, and economic stability. The Asia-Pacific accounts for 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
• Transition Potential: Green and blue economies could create up to 180 million jobs by 2050. Renewables, waste management, sustainable agriculture, and coastal tourism are key sectors.
• Risks: Non-renewable energy and conventional agriculture face significant job losses (e.g., 6 million jobs globally by 2030 in carbon-intensive sectors). Informality (67% of the workforce) and inadequate social protection exacerbate vulnerabilities.

2. Workforce Dynamics

• Opportunities: Green sectors like renewables and waste management offer high-growth potential. For example, solar energy employs over 10 million in the Asia-Pacific.
• Challenges:
  • Skills Gaps: Many workers lack green skills, particularly in STEM and digital literacy.
  • Gender Inequalities: Women are underrepresented in high-skilled roles, with systemic barriers limiting their participation.
  • Informality: Most workers lack access to social protections, training, or labor rights.

3. Solutions for a Just Transition

• Workforce Development:

  • Conduct skills assessments and integrate green skills into education and vocational training.
  • Focus on upskilling in renewables, EV maintenance, and sustainable practices.
  • Support SMEs and informal workers through targeted training and financial inclusion.

• Transition-Ready Social Protection:

  • Expand coverage of unemployment benefits, healthcare, and retirement funds for informal workers.
  • Align social protection with climate policies to cushion job losses and health challenges.
  • Use active labor market programs (ALMPs) for job matching and reskilling.

• Gender Equality:

  • Implement gender-responsive policies, ensure women’s leadership in green sectors, and value care work.
  • Bridge the gender pay gap and prohibit discriminatory practices in hiring and promotion.

• Digitalization and Technology:

  • Leverage digital tools for skill development, remote work, and efficient service delivery.
  • Invest in affordable internet access and digital infrastructure in rural and marginalized areas.

• Financing:

  • Mobilize climate finance, blended finance, and carbon pricing to fund workforce development and social protection.
  • Use public-private partnerships to scale green investments, especially in renewable energy.

• Social Dialogue and Partnerships:

  • Enhance tripartite dialogue (governments, employers, workers) to design inclusive transition policies.
  • Strengthen cross-border collaboration and knowledge-sharing for best practices.

4. Key Recommendations

1. Mainstream Gender Equality: Ensure women’s participation in green jobs and decision-making through targeted policies and mentorship programs.
2. Integrate Social Protection: Expand coverage for informal workers and link it to climate adaptation strategies.
3. Invest in Education: Update curricula to include green and digital skills, with a focus on STEM and vocational training.
4. Leverage Climate Finance: Mobilize funds for workforce development, sustainable infrastructure, and social inclusion.
5. Adopt Multi-Sectoral Approaches: Align labor, education, and environmental policies for cohesive transition planning.

5. Conclusion

A just transition to green and blue economies is critical for environmental sustainability, inclusive growth, and equitable development in the Asia-Pacific. Success hinges on proactive policy integration, robust social protection, and transformative gender equality measures. Immediate action is needed to avoid leaving vulnerable groups behind and to seize the opportunities of a sustainable future.