公私伙伴关系监测：巴基斯坦（英）-2021.7-亚开行-192页_2mb

Summary of the Public-Private Partnership Monitor: Pakistan (July 2021)

Core Content

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Monitor: Pakistan is a comprehensive report published by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) that evaluates the current state of PPPs in the country. It provides insights into the legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks that support PPPs, along with sector-specific and local government PPP landscapes. The report also highlights macroeconomic and infrastructure indicators relevant to PPP development in Pakistan.

Main Viewpoints

• PPP as a Solution to Infrastructure Gaps:
  With increasing demand for infrastructure and limited government budgets, PPPs have emerged as a vital mechanism for financing and delivering infrastructure projects. The ADB estimates that Asia and the Pacific will need to invest $1.7 trillion annually in infrastructure by 2030, and Pakistan is expected to face a significant infrastructure gap that must be addressed through private sector participation.

• Role of ADB:
  The ADB plays a central role in assessing and supporting PPP development in its developing member countries (DMCs), including Pakistan. It provides a diagnostic tool for identifying gaps in legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks and facilitates informed investment decisions.

• Need for Regulatory Reforms:
  The PPP market in most ADB DMCs, including Pakistan, is still in an emerging or developing stage. Continuous regulatory reforms and institutional strengthening are necessary to attract more private investment and ensure the sustainability of infrastructure projects.

• Focus on Social Infrastructure:
  The report emphasizes the growing importance of social infrastructure, such as health, education, and affordable housing, in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to provide more detailed insights into these sectors.

Key Information

1. National PPP Landscape

• The report outlines the national PPP framework, including legal and regulatory structures, government policies, and the roles of various agencies.
• It identifies key sectors where PPPs are being actively explored and implemented.
• The PPP Monitor serves as a one-stop source for PPP-related information, drawing from multiple databases and reports.

2. Sector-Specific PPP Landscape

The following sectors are analyzed in detail:

• Roads: Overview of projects under preparation, procurement, and financial closure. Foreign investment and government support are also discussed.
• Railways: Similar analysis of project status, financing, and foreign investment.
• Ports: Examination of the current state of port infrastructure, including financial closure and risk allocation.
• Airports: Focus on project stages, modes of procurement, and government support.
• Energy: Includes data on planned capacity, power sector projects, and financing mechanisms. Special attention is given to renewable energy and feed-in tariffs (FITs).
• Water and Wastewater: Projects status, foreign investment, and financial instruments.
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Analysis of ICT projects, procurement methods, and risk allocation.
• Social Infrastructure: Projects related to health, education, and affordable housing, with a focus on municipal aspects.
• Other Infrastructure: Includes waste management and other non-traditional infrastructure projects.

3. Local Government PPP Landscape

• The report includes an assessment of the public financial management (PFM) system of Pakistan's subnational governments.
• It provides an overview of the financial and institutional capacities of local governments to engage in PPPs.
• The PFM Profile is a key component of the local government PPP analysis.

4. Macro and Infrastructure Indicators

• The report includes a range of macroeconomic and infrastructure sector indicators, such as GDP, inflation, and public investment levels.
• It also references the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business (EDB) parameters for Pakistan, highlighting areas for improvement in the business environment.

5. PPP Instruments and Financial Support

• The report outlines various financial instruments and mechanisms used by the federal government to support PPPs, including:
  • Equity and debt financing
  • Grants and subsidies
  • Currency conversion swap fees
  • Direct agreements and best and final offer (BAFO) mechanisms

Structure and Features

• Interactive Online Version: The PPP Monitor is available online at http://www.pppmonitor.adb.org, allowing users to compare key PPP parameters across ADB DMCs.
• Comprehensive Indicators: Over 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators are included, covering the national PPP environment, sector-specific landscapes, and local government PPP activities.
• Collaboration with Experts: The report draws on data from various multilateral development banks, industry databases, and legal experts to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness.

Conclusion

The PPP Monitor: Pakistan is a critical resource for both investors and policymakers. It aims to foster greater private sector participation in infrastructure development by providing transparent, data-driven insights into the PPP environment. The report underscores the importance of regulatory reforms, institutional capacity, and a conducive investment climate in driving sustainable PPP growth in the country.