2023-02-01-德勤-全球基础设施的未来_23页_6mb

Summary of "The Future of Global Infrastructure"

Core Content

This document explores the evolving landscape of global infrastructure in the post-pandemic era, highlighting key trends, challenges, and opportunities. It is based on a survey conducted by Deloitte in September 2021, involving over 600 public officials and infrastructure executives from 18 countries across five regions, with the largest sample from the United States.

Main Trends and Expectations

1. Digital Transformation

• Digital Infrastructure: 84% of respondents in Asia/Pacific expect increased investment in digital infrastructure, making it the highest regional priority.
• Cybersecurity: Over 76% of respondents globally anticipate a greater focus on cybersecurity to protect infrastructure from increasing threats.
• Smart Infrastructure: The integration of AI, cloud computing, and IoT is expected to make infrastructure "smarter," with these technologies being the top three in terms of impact.

2. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Infrastructure

• Renewable Energy: A significant increase in incentives for renewable energy is expected, with an average of 37% of respondents anticipating substantial tax credit growth.
• Green Transportation: There is a growing demand for multimodal transportation systems, especially in Europe (60% of respondents). Urban areas are expected to invest more in walkable, bike-friendly, and public transport infrastructure.
• Climate Research and Metrics: 54% of respondents globally expect increased investment in climate research, and 52% anticipate the use of environmental metrics in investment decisions.

3. Infrastructure Funding Trends

• Privatization: The privatization of infrastructure assets is expected to rise globally, with 58% of respondents anticipating significant increases.
• National Government Funding: 52% of respondents expect national government funding to increase.
• Performance-Based Contracting: 51% of respondents anticipate performance-based contracting to grow.
• Multilateral and Development Funding: These are also seen as rising trends, particularly in Europe and Middle East/Africa.
• User Fees and Taxes: 45% of respondents globally expect increased use of user fees and taxes for infrastructure funding.

Key Challenges

1. Talent Shortages

• Critical Obstacle: Talent shortages were identified as the biggest challenge to infrastructure development, surpassing budget constraints and regulatory issues.
• Skills Needed: There is a growing demand for engineering and cybersecurity professionals, reflecting the shift toward digital and eco-friendly infrastructure.

2. Supply Chain and Material Availability

• Supply Chain Costs: 38% of respondents cited supply chain costs as a major concern.
• Material Availability: 30% of respondents mentioned limited material availability as a challenge.

3. Regulatory and Execution Challenges

• Regulatory Burden: Less than 8% of respondents expect significant regulatory relaxation.
• Project Execution: The process of building infrastructure is expected to remain complex and time-consuming, with little anticipated change in contracting methods or public involvement.

Equity and Social Impact

• Limited Progress on Equity Goals: There is no strong consensus on significant changes to meet equity goals. Only 14% of respondents expect a major increase in social impact assessments.
• Equitable Access to Mass Transit: Only 15% of respondents globally expect major efforts to improve equitable access to transportation in underserved areas.

Regional Insights

Conclusion

The future of global infrastructure is marked by a shift toward digital, eco-friendly, and secure systems. While governments are expected to increase investment in renewable energy, cybersecurity, and smart transportation, the execution process and regulatory frameworks are unlikely to change significantly. Talent shortages and supply chain issues remain major hurdles, and there is a growing recognition of the need for better data privacy and ethical use of technology in infrastructure planning and development.