2025-06-24-世界银行-全球建筑规范评估_促进弹性_绿色和包容性建筑的现状和不断变化的需求（英）_253页_11mb

Global Assessment of Building Codes: Current Status and Evolving Needs

Core Content

This report, authored by the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), presents a comprehensive assessment of building codes across 22 countries. It evaluates the current status of building regulations, their implementation environments, and identifies key priorities for enhancing the resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity of the built environment.

Main Purpose and Scope

• To assess the current status of building codes globally.
• To identify the evolving needs to promote resilient, green, and inclusive buildings.
• To provide practical recommendations for improving code development, implementation, and compliance.
• To highlight the importance of integrating disaster risk management and climate adaptation into building codes.

Key Findings

Structural Safety and Resilience

• Many countries lack comprehensive structural design provisions.
• There is a need for simplified codes for small-scale buildings, especially in informal settlements.
• Enhanced performance objectives and coordination across hazard areas are essential.
• Improved provisions for existing buildings and reliable building utilities are critical for long-term resilience.

Seismic Design

• Seismic design criteria and analysis methods vary significantly across countries.
• Japan and Türkiye have advanced seismic provisions, while others lag behind.
• Non-engineered buildings, such as vernacular constructions, are particularly vulnerable.
• Ductile detailing and connections between structural components are necessary to prevent collapse.
• Up-to-date seismic hazard maps are crucial for effective code implementation.

Wind Design

• Wind design provisions are often outdated or insufficient.
• Country-specific wind maps are needed for accurate risk assessment.
• Simplified guidance for small-scale housing and performance-based design approaches are recommended.
• Emphasis should be placed on improving the wind resilience of structural and nonstructural components.

Flood Design

• Flood design provisions are fragmented and not well integrated into building codes.
• There is a need for clear guidelines on flood mitigation measures.
• The report highlights the importance of protecting critical infrastructure and services from flood damage.

Wildfire Design

• Wildfire provisions are emerging in some countries but remain underdeveloped.
• Codes should address fire risk in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) and include bushfire attack levels as a reference.

Green Building Design

• Green building codes are still in early stages of development in many countries.
• Mandatory energy efficiency requirements and low-carbon materials are needed.
• Emerging technologies, such as modular mass timber, should be included in code provisions.
• Adaptive reuse of existing buildings and embodied carbon reduction are critical for sustainability.

Universal Accessibility Design

• Universal accessibility provisions are not uniformly implemented.
• Codes must consider diverse user needs, including those with cognitive impairments and neurodiversity.
• Cultural context and emergency preparedness should be integrated into accessibility standards.

Key Recommendations

For Code Development

• Transition to comprehensive and integrated building regulations.
• Adopt and adapt model building codes and standards.
• Implement performance-based design approaches for better flexibility and resilience.
• Simplify code provisions for small-scale and vernacular buildings.
• Expand code coverage for existing buildings and retrofitting.

For Code Implementation

• Strengthen the building control process through better approvals and enforcement.
• Enhance the capacity of regulatory bodies and stakeholders.
• Develop clear and enforceable guidelines for code compliance.
• Encourage private-sector involvement in code implementation.
• Improve dispute resolution mechanisms and public-private partnerships.

For Climate and Disaster Resilience

• Integrate climate change adaptation into building codes, particularly for extreme heat and water scarcity.
• Improve indoor air quality standards to ensure healthier living environments.
• Update seismic, wind, and flood provisions based on current scientific data and risk assessments.

Priority Topic Areas

• Structural Safety and Resilience
• Seismic Design
• Wind Design
• Flood Design
• Wildfire Design
• Green Building Design
• Universal Accessibility Design

The Way Forward

The report emphasizes the need for a proactive approach to building code development and implementation to ensure the built environment is safer, greener, and more inclusive. It suggests that countries should:

• Develop and implement codes that reflect local conditions and needs.
• Foster collaboration between public and private sectors.
• Use data-driven approaches to improve code accuracy and effectiveness.
• Promote education and awareness among stakeholders and the public.

Conclusion

Building codes are a powerful tool for enhancing the resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity of the built environment. However, many countries are still in the early stages of developing and implementing comprehensive codes. This report serves as a guide for policymakers, practitioners, and development partners to improve building regulations and create a safer, more sustainable future for communities worldwide.