世界银行-全球建筑规范评估_促进弹性_绿色和包容性建筑的现状和不断变化的需求（英）-2025_252页_13mb

Summary of "A Global Assessment of Building Codes: Current Status and Evolving Needs to Promote Resilient, Green and Inclusive Buildings"

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive global assessment of building codes, focusing on their current status and the evolving needs to promote resilient, green, and inclusive buildings. It was developed by the World Bank in collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and the Japanese government. The assessment covers 22 countries and evaluates building codes across three main topic areas: structural safety and resilience, green building design, and universal accessibility design. It also examines the code implementation environment, including regulatory processes, enforcement, and capacity requirements.

Main Topics and Findings

1. Structural Safety and Resilience

• Assessment of Structural Design Provisions:
  • The evaluation includes the regulatory structure, organization, and accessibility of codes, as well as general structural design provisions.
  • Findings indicate that many countries lack comprehensive structural safety frameworks, particularly in informal and low-rise construction.
• Priorities for Improvement:
  • Simplified provisions for small-scale buildings.
  • Enhanced building performance objectives for resilience.
  • Introduction of provisions to support reliable building utilities.
  • Expanded provisions for the assessment, modification, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of existing buildings.
  • Better coordination and harmonization across topic areas and hazards.

2. Seismic Design

• Assessment of Seismic Design Provisions:
  • Evaluated seismic design criteria, analysis methods, and detailing provisions.
  • Some countries have advanced seismic design frameworks, while others are still developing.
• Key Issues:
  • Outdated seismic hazard maps.
  • Lack of provisions for non-engineered and vernacular buildings.
  • Insufficient retrofitting guidance for existing structures.
• Recommendations:
  • Update seismic hazard maps.
  • Improve seismic safety for small-scale and non-engineered buildings.
  • Develop retrofitting strategies for existing buildings.

3. Wind Design

• Assessment of Wind Design Provisions:
  • The study highlights the importance of wind resilience, particularly for housing in high-risk areas.
• Priorities for Improvement:
  • Update country-specific wind maps.
  • Develop improved provisions and guidance for wind resilience of small-scale housing.
  • Implement performance-based design approaches for both structural and nonstructural components.

4. Flood Design

• Assessment of Flood Design Provisions:
  • Evaluates provisions to mitigate flood risks.
• Priorities:
  • Incorporate measures to protect critical infrastructure and services from flooding.
  • Develop specific flood mitigation strategies in building codes.

5. Design for Wildfire

• Emerging Provisions:
  • The report discusses the inclusion of wildfire risk mitigation measures in building codes.
• Recommendations:
  • Include provisions to address wildfire risks, particularly in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI).

6. Green Building Design

• Assessment of Green Building Code Provisions:
  • Reviews the structure, organization, and technical provisions of green building codes.
• Priorities:
  • Increase mandatory requirements for energy efficiency and low-carbon design.
  • Promote the use of lower-carbon building materials.
  • Expand code coverage for emerging construction technologies.
  • Encourage adaptive reuse of existing buildings.

7. Universal Accessibility Design

• Assessment of Universal Accessibility Provisions:
  • Evaluates the regulatory structure and provisions for universal accessibility.
• Priorities:
  • Improve accessibility for existing buildings.
  • Ensure comprehensive consideration of different user needs.
  • Tailor provisions to local cultural contexts.
  • Enhance provisions for emergency response and evacuation.

Key Recommendations

• Transition to Comprehensive Building Regulations: Move towards more integrated and holistic building codes that address multiple risks and sustainability goals.
• Adopt Model Building Codes and Standards: Use international and regional model codes to improve code quality and consistency.
• Enhance Code Implementation Environments:
  • Improve building control processes (approvals and enforcement).
  • Strengthen institutional capacity for code implementation.
  • Develop dispute resolution mechanisms and private-sector engagement.
• Promote Resilient, Green and Inclusive Buildings:
  • Prioritize the inclusion of provisions for disaster resilience, energy efficiency, and accessibility.
  • Support the development of new technologies and practices for sustainable and safe construction.

The Way Forward

To build a safer, greener, and more inclusive built environment, the report emphasizes the need for:

• Modernization of building codes to reflect current and future risks.
• Improved code compliance mechanisms to ensure effective implementation.
• Collaboration between public and private sectors to support sustainable and resilient construction practices.
• Inclusive and culturally sensitive design to meet the needs of all populations.

The report concludes that strengthening building codes and their implementation is critical to protecting people, economies, and the environment for future generations.

Conclusion

The document outlines the current status of building codes globally and highlights the need for their evolution to meet the challenges of urbanization, climate change, and disaster risk. It provides actionable recommendations and case studies to guide policymakers and stakeholders in improving building regulations and their implementation.