GSMA-2017全球移动支付行业现状报告（英文版）-2017-33页_5mb

2017 State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money Summary

Core Content

The 2017 State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money highlights the significant growth and evolution of the mobile money ecosystem, emphasizing its role in financial inclusion, economic development, and humanitarian aid. The report is produced by the GSMA's Mobile Money programme, with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Mastercard Foundation, and Omidyar Network.

Main Trends and Developments

• Industry Growth:
  Mobile money processing reached over $1 billion per day in 2017, with direct revenues exceeding $2.4 billion.
  Global registered mobile money accounts increased by 25% from 2016 to 2017, reaching 690 million.
  The number of mobile money deployments grew to 276 by December 2017, up from 135 in 2016.

• Adoption and Usage:
  Mobile money is now available in 90 countries, including three quarters of low- and lower-middle-income countries.
  The average value of transactions per active customer reached $188 per month, driven by cash-in/cash-out, P2P transfers, bill payments, and airtime top-ups.
  In December 2017, there were 168 million active (30-day) mobile money accounts globally.

• Digital Transformation:
  The use of digital funds in the mobile money ecosystem increased from 12% in 2012 to 25% in 2017.
  Smartphone apps are becoming more prevalent, with 73% of providers offering mobile money through apps by June 2017.
  Despite this, USSD and feature phones remain the primary access points for the majority of users, especially in underserved areas.

• Regional Highlights:
  Sub-Saharan Africa remains the epicenter of mobile money growth, with 66% of the combined adult population in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda using mobile money.
  South Asia became the fastest-growing region in 2017, with a 47% year-on-year increase in registered accounts, now representing 34% of global accounts.
  Western and Middle Africa also showed rapid growth, with countries like Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, and Cameroon leading the way.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

• Customer Activity Rates:
  While the industry average was 36%, some providers achieved rates over 50%, with 20% reaching more than 60%.
  High activity rates are correlated with strong distribution networks, enabling regulation, and account-based business models.
  The number of active agents increased by 17% in 2017, reaching 5.3 million globally, with 55% facilitating transactions in the last 30 days.

• Gender and Rural Access:
  Women make up only 36% of registered mobile money customers, though this varies significantly by region.
  Rural customers remain underserved, with only 22% of the addressable market captured in predominantly rural areas in 2017.
  Barriers to adoption include identity gaps, cultural norms, and shared family accounts, which limit women's participation.
  The GSMA has initiated research to better understand and address these challenges.

• Humanitarian Applications:
  Mobile money is increasingly used for humanitarian cash transfers, offering a secure and efficient alternative to cash.
  In Uganda's Bidi Bidi refugee camp, mobile money was used for the first time to deliver aid, though challenges such as regulatory compliance, reaching the most vulnerable, and agent liquidity management persist.
  Partnerships between mobile operators and NGOs are critical to ensuring smooth and secure transactions.

• International Remittances:
  Mobile money is proving to be a cost-effective and secure channel for international remittances, with average costs for sending $200 dropping to 1.7%.
  It serves as a gateway to financial inclusion, allowing recipients to invest in local economies through platforms like M-Akiba in Kenya.
  Guidelines for international remittances via mobile money were introduced in September 2017, involving collaboration between mobile money providers, banks, and regulators.

Levers to Scale

The report outlines four key levers for scaling mobile money services:

1. Increasing Customer Activity Rates:
   Providers with high activity rates (>50%) have stronger distribution networks and are more likely to achieve profitability.

2. Shifting from Cash to Digital Economy:
   The digitization of services and the growth of digital transactions are reducing costs and increasing the industry's reach and impact.

3. Reducing the Net Cost of the Agent Network:
   As more transactions move online, the reliance on subsidized cash-in agent commissions is decreasing, improving margins for providers.

4. Supportive Policy and Regulation:
   Enabling regulations are essential for growth, and while the number of such markets increased slightly, new regulatory areas such as data protection and sandboxes are emerging.

Conclusion

Mobile money is becoming a central pillar of the digital economy in emerging markets, contributing to multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Its growth is driven by a combination of technological advancements, regulatory support, and strategic partnerships. The industry is evolving from a niche service to a mainstream financial tool, with the potential to serve even more underserved populations in the future.