气候行动经济效益（英文版）_15页_8mb

C4O Cities: Climate Leadership Group Summary

Core Content

The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) is a global network of over 85 cities representing more than 650 million people and a quarter of the global economy. It focuses on climate change mitigation and urban development that improves health, wellbeing, and economic opportunities for citizens. In 2015, C40 formed a research-based partnership with Novo Nordisk to explore the broader benefits of climate action, particularly in health and urban living. Arup was commissioned to support this research, aiming to create a practical and standardized method for measuring the benefits of climate actions across cities.

Main Points

• C40 Cities and Climate Action
  C40 cities are responsible for 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are central to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. To limit global warming to 1.5°C, C40 cities must take approximately 14,000 new climate actions by 2020, which is about 170 actions per city. These actions need political and financial backing.

• The Importance of Benefits Research
  Making a compelling case for climate action is a major challenge for cities. Demonstrating the tangible and immediate benefits of climate actions is crucial for securing support. The research program aims to provide cities with the evidence and tools needed to justify climate action and avoid false trade-offs.

• Pilot Project in Mexico City
  Mexico City serves as the pilot city for measuring the benefits of bikeability and walkability. The pilot includes the introduction of bike lanes, the EcoBici bike share scheme, and the pedestrianisation of Madero Street. This project highlights the economic, social, and environmental benefits of climate actions, such as job creation, health improvements, and cost savings.

• Benefits of Bikeability and Walkability
  The pilot findings show that:

  • Climate actions can reduce premature deaths and health risks.
  • They can improve air quality and reduce noise pollution.
  • They can create employment opportunities and save significant amounts of money.
  • They can increase physical activity and reduce the risk of obesity and related diseases.

Key Findings

Social Benefits

• Health Improvements: Active commuting (biking and walking) is associated with an 11% reduction in cardiovascular risk. In Mexico City, the introduction of bikeability and walkability actions has been linked to the prevention of one death per year for every 61 people with diabetes who walk at least 2 hours per week.
• Quality of Life: 82% of EcoBici users reported positive quality of life improvements since starting the programme. Active commuting also increases physical activity levels, with an average of 47-82 minutes per week spent on physical activity.

Environmental Benefits

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The use of EcoBici in Mexico City saves nearly 1,190 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions annually, equivalent to almost 2.6 million miles driven by an average passenger vehicle.
• Air Quality and Noise Reduction: Mode shift from cars to biking and walking reduces air pollutants by 1.4 tonnes per year. Noise levels on main roads decreased by 3 decibels during the first car-free day in Paris. In Seoul, the removal of a highway and pedestrianisation of areas lowered ambient temperatures by up to 3°C.
• Urban Heat Island Effect: Incorporating green space and vegetation into bike lanes and pedestrian areas can reduce air temperatures by 2-8°C, extending the cooling effect to surrounding areas.

Economic Benefits

• Cost Savings: The potential net present benefits of Mexico City's bike lanes total over $65 million, which is almost six times the cost of the project.
• Job Creation: Climate actions in Mexico City have created over 350 local jobs.
• Increased Sales: In New York, the establishment of bike paths in Manhattan has been associated with increased sales in nearby businesses.

Conclusion

This report outlines the initial findings from the C40-Novo Nordisk-Arup pilot project, which demonstrates the wide-ranging benefits of climate action in urban areas. It provides evidence that cities can achieve significant improvements in health, environment, and economy through measures like bikeability and walkability. The research encourages integrated decision-making and supports the development of more liveable, low-carbon cities. The findings are essential for cities to make a stronger case for climate action and to ensure that it aligns with local priorities and delivers tangible outcomes.