2009年-世界发展银行全球_Situation_Analysis___Sanitation_Scenario_in_Hoshangabad_Madhya_Pradesh_53页_2mb

Summary of the Sanitation Scenario in Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the sanitation scenario in Hoshangabad, a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. It outlines the background, current status, challenges, and proposed interventions in urban sanitation, with a focus on the city's infrastructure, governance, and financial mechanisms. The report also includes details on population demographics, existing sanitation facilities, and wastewater management systems, as well as the role of state and national programmes in addressing urban sanitation issues.

Main Points

1. Background and Importance of Sanitation

• Excreta and wastewater contain high concentrations of pathogens, which pose serious health risks if not managed properly.
• Poor sanitation handling leads to open defecation, lack of hygiene, and untreated wastewater discharge, which are major contributors to disease.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.2 million people die annually from diarrhoeal diseases, with 10% of the developing world's population affected by intestinal worms due to improper waste management.
• The National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) aims to make all Indian cities and towns 'sanitised, healthy, and liveable', with a focus on affordable and hygienic sanitation facilities.

2. Key State and National Programmes

• Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): Focuses on municipal reforms and infrastructure development in 63 mission towns, including Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, and Ujjain.
• Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT): Covers remaining towns not under JNNURM, aiming for integrated infrastructure development.
• Water for Asian Cities (WAC): Aims to improve sanitation in four major cities, including Hoshangabad, through NGO interventions.
• Project Uday (UWSEIMP): Implemented with ADB support, targeting sustainable growth and poverty reduction in Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, and Jabalpur.
• Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for the Poor (MPUSP): A five-year programme (2006–2011) to build capacity in selected ULBs to deliver better services to the poor.
• National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) and National River Action Plan (NRAP): Aim to reduce river pollution by managing wastewater, especially in urban areas.

3. Hoshangabad: A Brief Profile

• Located on the southern bank of the Narmada River, with the Vindhyan hills to the north.
• Coordinates: 22°46' N, 77°44' E.
• Population: 97,424 as of 2001 (52% male, 48% female).
• Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations: 15% and 6% respectively.
• Administrative structure: Hoshangabad Nagar Palika Parishad (HNPP), established in 1869, operates as a Class II town with 33 wards and a municipal council led by a directly elected Mayor.
• The municipal council is supported by the Chief Municipal Officer (CMO) and various departments, including Health, Engineering, Revenue, and Accounts.

4. Urban Basic Services

• Household Sanitation: In 2001, 32% of urban households in Madhya Pradesh lacked access to sanitation facilities. In Hoshangabad, 26% of households had no access, with many resorting to open defecation.
• Public Sanitary Conveniences (PSCs): The city has 6 PSCs and 20 public urinals, but coverage is limited.
• Solid Waste Management (SWM): The municipality maintains 106 km of roads, 154 km of drains (94 km pucca, 60 km kutcha), and employs mechanical equipment for waste clearance.
• Water Supply: The city has 58 tube-wells and 71 hand-pumps. Water supply is a critical service, and citizen perception on clearance frequency is documented.

5. Wastewater Management

• Wastewater generation and collection are significant challenges, with only 21% of wastewater in India treated.
• Hoshangabad has existing oxidation ponds at Bheelpura and a pumping station at Korighat.
• Proposed sewage collection and treatment schemes include identifying zones and constructing Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs).
• Wastewater reuse is identified as a potential solution, with potential agricultural land for reuse highlighted in Annex 4.

6. Municipal Finances

• Revenue sources include property taxes, license fees, and rent from market buildings.
• The municipality receives development grants from state and central governments for sanitation and infrastructure projects.
• Financial sustainability is a key objective, with emphasis on long-term resource generation and self-sustaining infrastructure.

7. Emerging Issues and Opportunities

• The city faces significant challenges in sanitation access, especially in slum areas.
• A lack of preference for individual or community sanitation facilities among some households was identified.
• The opportunity lies in implementing a City Wide Sanitation Plan (CSP), which aims to improve sanitation access, promote financial and environmental sustainability, and involve community participation.
• Hoshangabad is one of the pilot cities for the CSP, along with a zone in Gwalior Municipal Corporation.

Key Information

Sanitation Arrangements

• Water Closet (WC): Latrines with flushing cisterns, often connected to septic tanks or sewers.
• Pit Latrine: Latrines with pits dug into the ground for night soil.
• Other Latrines: Includes service latrines and those serviced by animals.
• Baseline Survey (2008): Identified 2,215 households without individual sanitation facilities, with 21% preferring individual latrines, 35% preferring community facilities, and 44% showing no preference.

Constraints and Limitations

• Limited data on river water quality hinders analysis of pollution patterns.
• The sanitation survey did not capture critical aspects such as:
  • Sanitation arrangements used by households lacking facilities
  • Sanitation in public institutions (especially educational ones)
  • Segregation of slum households
  • Reasons for not selecting sanitation options

Conclusion

The document highlights the pressing need for improving sanitation in Hoshangabad, particularly in slum areas and among the urban poor. It emphasizes the importance of integrating sanitation into urban development plans, promoting financial sustainability, and involving the community in decision-making. The proposed City Wide Sanitation Plan (CSP) is a strategic initiative aimed at addressing these challenges through a comprehensive and holistic approach. Hoshangabad is being used as a pilot for this plan, which aligns with the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) and other state-level initiatives.