IRENA-塑造可持续的国际氢价值链（英）-82页_13mb

SHAPING SUSTAINABLE INTERNATIONAL HYDROGEN VALUE CHAINS：REPORT SUMMARY

This report examines the key aspects of sustainable international hydrogen value chains, with a focus on renewable hydrogen production, transportation, and trade. It provides an in-depth analysis of the environmental, economic, and governance dimensions of hydrogen value chains, along with potential socio-economic benefits and risks, particularly for developing countries.

1. Sustainability of Renewable Hydrogen Value Chains

Low-carbon hydrogen is critical for achieving global net-zero emissions by 2050. International trade can help match regions with renewable energy potential to those with high future demand. However, these complex value chains require a comprehensive sustainability approach that includes economic, environmental, social, and governance aspects to ensure long-term viability.

• Emissions Intensity: Renewable hydrogen has lower lifecycle emissions compared to blue or grey hydrogen.
• Environmental Impact: Production requires access to renewable energy, water, and land resources. Water scarcity is a concern in some regions, and carbon leakage risks from imports must be addressed.

2. Role of Hydrogen Derivatives in Building Markets

Different hydrogen carriers, such as ammonia and methanol, enable long-distance transport and offer chemical feedstock applications. Export-oriented approaches allow resource-rich countries to tap into new markets, but the projected growth of the global hydrogen market may not materialize as expected.

Key Recommendations:

• Future hubs like G7 countries should invest in market development, R&D, and capacity building for hydrogen derivatives like ammonia and methanol.
• Support local decarbonization and sustainable industrial development in exporting countries.

3. Social and Economic Co-benefits

Hydrogen production can create jobs, promote access to clean energy, and foster green industrial development. However, many uncertainties exist regarding job creation and skills demand.

Key Recommendations:

• Exchange insights on potential benefits and assumptions about job creation.
• Invest in capacity building to develop skilled workforces, especially in developing countries.

4. Governance and Strategic Partnerships

Strategic partnerships between producers, importers, and technology providers are essential for scaling up the hydrogen sector. Developing countries can leverage intraregional and South-South collaboration to address common challenges like limited funding and technology access.

Key Recommendations:

• Facilitate knowledge transfer and best practices among developing countries.
• Encourage intraregional partnerships to strengthen hydrogen trade infrastructure.

Conclusion

Shaping sustainable hydrogen value chains requires a multifaceted strategy, balancing environmental sustainability and socio-economic gains. Countries must navigate complexities with flexibility to address the dynamic nature of the hydrogen market while focusing on inclusive and equitable growth.