2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2013___Haiti_112页_1mb

Economy Profile: Haiti - Doing Business 2013

Core Content

This document provides an overview of the business environment in Haiti based on the Doing Business 2013 report, which evaluates the ease of doing business for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 185 economies. The report measures and benchmarks regulations in 11 key areas of the business life cycle, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and employing workers.

Key Information

Economy Overview

• Region: Latin America & Caribbean
• Income Category: Low income
• Population: 10,123,787
• GNI per capita (US$): 700
• DB2013 Rank: 174
• DB2012 Rank: 173 (adjusted for data corrections and new economies added)
• Change in Rank: -1

Business Environment Indicators

• Ease of Doing Business Index: Haiti ranks 174th globally.
• Distance to Frontier: Measures how far an economy is from the best practices. This helps identify progress and areas needing reform.

Main Topics and Indicators

1. Starting a Business

• Rank (DB2013): 183
• Procedures (number): 12
• Time (days): 105
• Cost (% of income per capita): 286.6
• Paid-in Minimum Capital (% of income per capita): 21.0

Haiti requires 12 procedures, which take 105 days and cost 286.6% of income per capita. The paid-in minimum capital is 21.0% of income per capita. These procedures are based on the assumption of a standardized company (a limited liability company in Port-au-Prince with 10–50 employees and general commercial activities).

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (DB2013): 136
• Procedures (number): 9
• Time (days): 1,129
• Cost (% of income per capita): 692.0

Haiti has a highly complex process for construction permits, which takes 1,129 days and costs 692.0% of income per capita. The Dominican Republic, for example, has a much simpler process with only 14 procedures, 216 days, and 72.7% of income per capita.

3. Getting Electricity

• Rank (DB2013): 71
• Procedures (number): 4
• Time (days): 60
• Cost (% of income per capita): 4,599.0

Haiti ranks 71st in the ease of getting electricity, which takes 60 days and costs 4,599.0% of income per capita. The best performer is Japan, which has the lowest cost at 0.0% and the lowest time at 17 days.

4. Registering Property

• Rank (DB2013): 130
• Procedures (number): 5
• Time (days): 301
• Cost (% of property value): 6.6

Registering property in Haiti takes 301 days and costs 6.6% of the property value. Georgia is the best performer with only 1 procedure, 19 days, and 0.0% cost.

5. Getting Credit

• Rank (DB2013): 159
• Strength of Legal Rights Index (0–10): 3
• Depth of Credit Information Index (0–6): 2
• Public Registry Coverage (% of adults): 0.7
• Private Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 0.0
• Cost (% of claim): 42.6
• Time (days): 530

Haiti has a weak credit environment, with low legal rights and limited public registry coverage. The best performer is United Kingdom, which has a high strength of legal rights (9) and depth of credit information (6).

6. Protecting Investors

• Rank (DB2013): 169
• Extent of Disclosure Index (0–10): 2
• Strength of Investor Protection Index (0–10): 3.0

Haiti has a poor investor protection environment, with only 2 points on the extent of disclosure index and 3.0 on the strength of investor protection index. New Zealand is the best performer with 10 and 9.7, respectively.

7. Paying Taxes

• Rank (DB2013): 123
• Payments (number per year): 46
• Time (hours per year): 184

Haiti ranks 123rd in paying taxes, with 46 payments and 184 hours per year. United Arab Emirates is the best performer with 3 payments and 12 hours per year.

8. Trading Across Borders

• Rank (DB2013): 149
• Documents to Export (number): 8
• Time to Export (days): 33
• Cost to Export (US$ per container): 1,185

Haiti ranks 149th in trading across borders, with 8 documents to export and 33 days. Singapore is the best performer with 6 documents, 5 days, and 435 US$ per container.

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (DB2013): 97
• Time (days): 530
• Cost (% of claim): 42.6
• Procedures (number): 35

Haiti ranks 97th in enforcing contracts, with 35 procedures, 530 days, and 42.6% cost. Luxembourg is the best performer with 21 procedures, 150 days, and 0.1% cost.

Summary of Key Findings

Haiti faces significant challenges in the business environment, particularly in areas like starting a business, dealing with construction permits, and protecting investors. The country has a complex and costly process for business registration and has not made substantial reforms in recent years. While some areas, like getting electricity, have shown improvement, the overall ranking remains low, indicating a need for continued regulatory reforms to improve the ease of doing business.

Main Viewpoints

• The Doing Business report provides a comprehensive benchmark of business regulations and helps identify areas where reforms can have the greatest impact.
• Haiti's ranking has slightly declined from 173 to 174, reflecting limited progress in some areas.
• Comparisons with comparator economies and regional averages show that Haiti lags behind in several key indicators.
• Reforms in Haiti have been minimal, with only one notable change in 2011, which reduced the review process for incorporation acts.

Conclusion

Haiti's business environment is among the most challenging in the world, with high costs, long procedures, and limited access to credit and investor protections. Continued efforts are needed to streamline regulations, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and improve transparency and efficiency in business operations.