世界银行-印尼经济展望，2023年6月：新冠肺炎无形的学习代价（英）-2023.6-68页_6mb

INDONESIA ECONOMIC PROSPECTS JUNE 2023
Economic Update

• GDP Growth: Reached 5.3% in 2022 (highest in a decade), driven by private consumption and commodity exports. Growth is moderating in 2023.
• Inflation: Declined to 4% YoY in May 2023 but broadened its base.
• Fiscal Policy: Deficit reduced to 2.4% of GDP in 2022 under fiscal consolidation.
• Competitiveness: Focus on market-friendly reforms to boost productivity, with Indonesia poised to become a High-Income Country by 2045 if maintaining current growth patterns.

Learning Recovery

• Learning Losses: Grade 4 students lost 11.2 months in math and 10.8 months in language skills (2019 vs. 2023).
• Inequality: Poorer students, rural students, and girls experienced larger learning losses.
• Policy Recommendations:
  • Prioritize catch-up learning through increased class hours or remedial lessons.
  • Teach at appropriate levels using differentiated instruction.
  • Target support for disadvantaged students, including those in rural areas and households facing economic hardship.