IMF-冈比亚：选定问题（英）-2024.1-36页_1mb

Summary of IMF Country Report: The Gambia

Overview

The Gambia faces significant challenges from climate change and gender disparities, as detailed in the IMF Country Report No. 24/16. The analysis covers climate vulnerabilities, economic impacts of natural disasters, gender gaps in labor and social participation, and policy recommendations for resilience and inclusive growth.

Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Implications

• The Gambia is highly vulnerable to climate impacts such as flooding, droughts, and coastal erosion, threatening agriculture, tourism, and fishing sectors.
• Climate change contributes to economic losses; GDP growth is lower by 2-5% in years following natural disasters, and public debt increases by 6 percentage points.
• Strategies include the National Climate Change Policy, Vision 2050 for net-zero emissions, and adaptation plans focusing on renewable energy and sustainable agriculture. Mitigation policies could enhance energy security and reduce emissions.
• Climate financing needs are high, with annual adaptation requirements three times the aid received; gaps must be addressed through improved fiscal and investment management.

Gender Gaps and Macroeconomic Implications

• Despite progress, The Gambia has high gender gaps in labor participation, education, and political representation, affecting women disproportionately.
• Analysis shows that closing gender gaps in labor markets could boost GDP by up to 11%, reduce income inequality, and increase government revenues and women's earnings.
• Women in rural areas and informal employment are most vulnerable to economic shocks, with limited access to finance and leadership positions.
• Macroeconomic gains from equalizing labor force participation and returns to experience highlight the economic rationale for gender equality policies.

Concluding Recommendations

• Strengthen legal and institutional reforms to address climate vulnerabilities and gender disparities, including public finance management and climate-resilient investments.
• Enhance policies for women's economic empowerment and climate adaptation to foster sustainable and inclusive development.