2009年-世界发展银行全球_Transit_ITS_Implementation_Guidance___Part_1_Introduction_to_Transit_ITS_23页_777kb

Transit ITS Implementation Guidance Summary

Introduction to Transit ITS

This document provides guidance on the implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in transit operations, particularly focusing on bus and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. It outlines the key ITS technologies, their benefits, and the organizational and technical considerations necessary for successful deployment. The World Bank has supported several ITS projects in China and aims to assist transit agencies and decision-makers in maximizing the effectiveness of these systems.

ITS is defined as a set of technologies designed to improve the quality and efficiency of transit services by delivering the right information to the right people at the right time. The implementation of ITS not only requires technological solutions but also a supportive institutional environment that allows for change and adaptation in management and operational practices.

Key ITS Technologies

The document highlights four key ITS technologies:

1. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) Systems

   • Core Function: Provide real-time location data of buses.
   • Benefits: Improve dispatch efficiency, reduce customer waiting time, and enhance on-time performance.
   • Applications: Monitor service performance, assist in route management, and communicate with both controllers and customers.
   • Technical Considerations: GPS and GPRS are commonly used for location tracking. AVL systems can also support on-board announcements and playback animation of bus paths.

2. Traffic Signal Priority (TSP) Systems

   • Core Function: Allow buses to receive priority at traffic signals to improve travel time and reduce delays.
   • Benefits: Reduces overall travel time and variability, enhances customer service on frequent routes.
   • Applications: Used on arterial streets and corridors, particularly where buses operate in both directions.
   • Technical Considerations: Requires coordination with traffic engineers. Queue jumps are a specific application of TSP, where buses enter a dedicated lane before an intersection.

3. Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) Systems

   • Core Function: Count passengers on board buses to support ridership analysis and revenue management.
   • Benefits: Provides data for service planning and resource allocation.

4. Fare Revenue Management Systems

   • Core Function: Manage fare collection through smart cards or other digital methods.
   • Benefits: Enhances revenue security, reduces processing costs, and improves customer data collection.
   • Applications: Includes on-board and off-board systems, with options for flat or distance-based fares.

Expected Benefits of AVL Systems

• Reduction in supervisory staffing: Centralized monitoring can reduce staffing needs by up to 90%.
• Reduction in vehicle fleet requirements: Data analysis can optimize the number of buses needed for service.
• Reduced customer waiting time: Real-time data helps in better scheduling and reduces average wait time.
• Increase in customer service: Provides reassurance to passengers, especially new or infrequent users.

Implementation Considerations

• Data preparation: Baseline data on bus stops and routes must be collected before contract award.
• Communication infrastructure: AVL systems require reliable communication methods such as GPRS.
• Technical factors: System design should consider future integration, polling rates, and signal reception in urban environments.
• Staff training and capacity building: Ensuring that the implementing agency has the technical and organizational capacity is crucial for success.

Institutional and Organizational Factors

Successful ITS implementation depends not only on technology but also on the institutional environment. Organizations that can adapt to change and invest in the necessary human and physical infrastructure are more likely to benefit from ITS. The guidance emphasizes the importance of proper planning, vendor selection, and post-implementation support.

Conclusion

This document serves as an introduction to the topic of ITS in transit, focusing on the key technologies, their benefits, and the considerations necessary for their implementation. It is intended to assist transit agencies in making informed decisions about adopting ITS and to provide practical guidance throughout the implementation process.