2019美国癌症报告-美国癌症协会_153页_3mb

Cancer Statistics 2019 Summary

Core Content

The American Cancer Society's 2019 Cancer Statistics report provides an overview of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, highlighting key trends and disparities by sex, race, and age group. The report includes estimates of new cancer cases and deaths, survival rates, and the impact of risk factors such as tobacco use and excess body weight on cancer occurrence.

Main Points

Estimated New Cancer Cases in 2019

• Total estimated new cancer cases: 1,762,450 (both sexes combined)
• Males: 870,970 new cases
• Females: 891,480 new cases

Estimated Cancer Deaths in 2019

• Total estimated cancer deaths: 606,880 (both sexes combined)
• Males: 321,670 deaths
• Females: 285,210 deaths

Leading Sites of New Cancer Cases

• Prostate: 20%
• Lung & bronchus: 13%
• Colon & rectum: 9%
• Urinary bladder: 7%
• Melanoma of skin: 7%
• Kidney & renal pelvis: 5%
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 4%
• Oral cavity & pharynx: 4%
• Leukemia: 3%
• Pancreas: 3%
• All other sites: 22%

Leading Sites of Cancer Deaths

• Lung & bronchus: 24% of male deaths, 23% of female deaths
• Prostate: 10% of male deaths, 15% of female deaths
• Colon & rectum: 9% of male deaths, 8% of female deaths
• Pancreas: 7% of male deaths, 8% of female deaths
• Liver & intrahepatic bile duct: 7% of male deaths, 5% of female deaths
• Ovary: 8% of male deaths, 8% of female deaths
• Uterine corpus: 8% of male deaths, 8% of female deaths
• All other sites: 25% of male deaths, 24% of female deaths

Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer

• Males: 1 in 3 (33%)
• Females: 1 in 3 (33%)

Cancer Types with Highest Lifetime Risk

• Breast cancer: 1 in 8 (12.5%)
• Lung & bronchus: 1 in 15 (6.7%)
• Colon & rectum: 1 in 23 (4.3%)
• Uterine corpus: 1 in 35 (2.9%)
• Melanoma of skin: 1 in 40 (2.5%)
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 1 in 54 (1.9%)
• Thyroid: 1 in 55 (1.8%)
• Leukemia: 1 in 80 (1.3%)
• Ovary: 1 in 79 (1.3%)
• Pancreas: 1 in 62 (1.6%)

Five-Year Relative Survival Rates (1975–2014)

• All sites: 49% (1975–1977) → 55% (1987–1989) → 69% (2008–2014)
• Breast (female): 75% → 84% → 91%
• Colorectal: 50% → 60% → 66%
• Leukemia: 34% → 43% → 65%
• Lung & bronchus: 12% → 13% → 20%
• Melanoma of the skin: 82% → 88% → 94%
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 47% → 51% → 74%
• Ovary: 36% → 38% → 48%
• Pancreas: 3% → 4% → 9%
• Prostate: 68% → 83% → 99%

Survival Rates by Race

• White: 67% (2008–2014)
• Black: 62% (2008–2014)
• Absolute difference: 5% (between white and black)

Cancer Death Rates Trends (1975–2016)

• Overall cancer death rates declined by 27% from 1991 to 2016
• Lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers showed the most significant declines

Cancer Incidence and Death Rates by Age and Race

• Cancer incidence and mortality rates vary by age and race
• Higher incidence rates among older adults
• Disparities exist between white and black populations

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

• Top causes of cancer death in children (0–14 years):
  • All sites: 2.1 per 100,000
  • Brain and other nervous system (ONS): 0.7 per 100,000
  • Leukemia: 0.6 per 100,000
• Top causes of cancer death in adolescents (15–19 years):
  • All sites: 2.9 per 100,000
  • Leukemia: 0.7 per 100,000
  • Brain and other nervous system (ONS): 0.6 per 100,000
  • Bone and joints: 0.5 per 100,000

Risk Factors

• Tobacco use: A major cause of cancer, with 42% of all cancers potentially avoidable
• Excess body weight, alcohol, diet, and physical activity: Significant contributors to cancer risk
• Infectious agents: HPV, HBV, HCV, and H. pylori can be prevented through vaccination and treatment

Prevention and Early Detection

• Screening can help detect and prevent certain cancers (e.g., colorectal, cervical)
• Early detection improves treatment success and survival rates
• Recommendations for early detection are provided in the report

Key Information

• Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread.
• Cancer death rates have declined significantly since the 1990s due to reduced smoking, better early detection, and improved treatment.
• Cancer incidence and mortality rates vary by sex, race, and geographic region.
• Prostate, breast, and lung cancers are the most common types in the US.
• Survival rates have improved over the past few decades, but they vary greatly by cancer type and stage.
• Certain risk factors are modifiable, such as tobacco use and excess body weight, while others are not, such as genetic mutations.
• The report highlights disparities in cancer outcomes by race and age group, with black populations generally experiencing lower survival rates and higher mortality rates.
• Children and adolescents have different cancer profiles, with leukemia and brain cancer being the leading causes of cancer death.
• The American Cancer Society provides recommendations for early detection in average-risk individuals.

Conclusion

The 2019 Cancer Statistics report by the American Cancer Society outlines the major trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the US, emphasizing the importance of prevention, early detection, and treatment. It highlights the significant progress made in reducing cancer death rates, the role of risk factors, and the disparities that still exist among different demographic groups.