美国癌症协会-2019美国癌症报告（英文）-2019.5-151页_3mb

Cancer Statistics 2019 Summary

Core Content Overview

This document provides an overview of cancer statistics in the United States for 2019, including new cancer cases, deaths, incidence and mortality trends, and survival rates. It also highlights cancer disparities by race and ethnicity, the impact of risk factors, and the progress made in reducing cancer-related deaths.

Main Points and Key Information

Estimated New Cancer Cases in the US in 2019

• Total: 1,762,450 new cancer cases
• Males: 870,970
• Females: 891,480

Estimated Cancer Deaths in the US in 2019

• Total: 606,880 cancer deaths
• Males: 321,670
• Females: 285,210

Leading Sites of New Cancer Cases and Deaths

• Top 3 for Males:
  • Prostate (20% of cases)
  • Lung & bronchus (13% of cases)
  • Colon & rectum (9% of cases)
• Top 3 for Females:
  • Breast (30% of cases)
  • Lung & bronchus (23% of deaths)
  • Colon & rectum (8% of deaths)

Cancer Incidence and Death Rates by Sex and Race

• Incidence Rates:
  • Prostate cancer is the most common in males.
  • Breast cancer is the most common in females.
• Death Rates:
  • Lung & bronchus cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females.
  • Survival rates have improved significantly over time, with the 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers increasing from 49% to 69% between 1975 and 2014.

Trends in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates (1975-2016)

• Incidence Rates:
  • Cancer incidence rates have generally increased over time, particularly in certain regions and demographics.
• Death Rates:
  • Cancer death rates have decreased significantly, especially for lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers.
  • The decline in death rates is attributed to reduced smoking, improved early detection, and better treatment options.

Cancer Disparities by Race and Ethnicity

• Incidence and Death Rates:
  • There are notable disparities in cancer incidence and death rates among different racial and ethnic groups.
  • Black individuals have higher cancer death rates compared to white individuals for most cancer sites.
• Survival Rates:
  • Survival rates also vary by race and ethnicity, with generally lower survival rates for Black individuals.

Risk Factors and Prevention

• Modifiable Risk Factors:
  • Tobacco use, excess body weight, alcohol consumption, and poor diet are major contributors to cancer.
• Prevention:
  • At least 42% of newly diagnosed cancers in the US are potentially avoidable.
  • Screening can help detect and prevent certain cancers, such as colorectal and cervical cancer.

Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer

• Males:
  • 1 in 3 (33%) will develop cancer in their lifetime.
• Females:
  • 1 in 3 (33%) will develop cancer in their lifetime.
• Site-Specific Risks:
  • Prostate cancer: 1 in 9
  • Breast cancer: 1 in 8
  • Lung & bronchus cancer: 1 in 15
  • Colon & rectum cancer: 1 in 23

5-Year Relative Survival Rates (2008-2014)

• Overall:
  • 69% for all sites
• Site-Specific:
  • Breast cancer: 91%
  • Colorectal cancer: 66%
  • Lung & bronchus cancer: 20%
  • Pancreatic cancer: 9%
  • Melanoma of the skin: 94%
  • Ovarian cancer: 48%
  • Prostate cancer: 99%

Cancer in Children and Adolescents (0-19 Years)

• Incidence Rates:
  • The incidence rates vary by site and age.
• Leading Causes of Cancer Death:
  • Children (0-14 years): Brain/other nervous system (0.7), Leukemia (0.6), Soft tissue (0.2)
  • Adolescents (15-19 years): Leukemia (0.7), Brain/other nervous system (0.6), Bone & joints (0.5)

Progress Against Cancer

• Overall Death Rates:
  • The age-adjusted cancer death rate decreased by 27% from 1991 to 2016.
• Leading Causes of Decline:
  • Reductions in smoking, earlier diagnosis, and improved treatment have contributed to this decline.
• Total Cancer Deaths Averted:
  • Over 2.6 million cancer deaths were averted between 1991 and 2016.

Cancer Death Rates by Sex and Race

• Males:
  • Death rates have generally decreased over time.
• Females:
  • Death rates have also decreased, with some variations across racial groups.
• Racial Disparities:
  • Black individuals have higher cancer death rates than white individuals for most cancer sites.

Conclusion

The document outlines the prevalence and mortality trends of cancer in the US for 2019, emphasizing the significant progress in reducing cancer death rates and the role of prevention and early detection. It also highlights disparities in cancer outcomes across different demographic groups and underscores the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors to further reduce the cancer burden.