2017年-数据局_美国癌症协会：2017美国癌症报告_24页_1mb

Cancer Statistics, 2017 Summary

Core Content

This document provides an overview of cancer statistics in the United States for the year 2017, including estimated new cancer cases and deaths, incidence and mortality trends, and the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) on cancer mortality rates. It is based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), which are key sources for cancer statistics.

Main Points

• Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths in 2017:

  • Total new cancer cases: 1,688,780
  • Total cancer deaths: 600,920
  • Men have a 20% higher incidence rate than women, but the death rate is 40% higher in men than in women.
  • For specific cancers, such as thyroid cancer, incidence rates are significantly higher in women (3-fold higher) compared to men, while death rates are similar.

• Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality:

  • From 2004 to 2013, the overall cancer incidence rate was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men.
  • From 2005 to 2014, the cancer death rate declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women.
  • From 1991 to 2014, the overall cancer death rate dropped by 25%, leading to an estimated 2,143,200 fewer cancer deaths than expected.

• Racial Disparities:

  • In 2014, the cancer death rate was 15% higher in blacks than in whites.
  • The PPACA has contributed to reducing the racial gap in cancer mortality by increasing access to care, as the proportion of uninsured blacks and Hispanics halved from 2010 to 2015.

• State-Level Data:

  • Table 2 presents the estimated new cancer cases for selected cancers by state, with the United States total at 1,688,780 new cases.
  • Table 3 provides the estimated cancer deaths for selected cancers by state, with the United States total at 600,920 deaths.
  • Some states have fewer than 50 cases or deaths, and these estimates are based on model data.

Key Information

• Incidence and Mortality Sources:

  • Incidence data are collected by the SEER Program since 1973 and the NPCR since 1995.
  • Mortality data are provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) from 1930 to 2014.

• Special Notes:

  • Incidence and mortality estimates are rounded to the nearest 10 or 100.
  • In situ carcinomas are excluded except for those in the urinary bladder.
  • Some data may not add to the US total due to rounding and the exclusion of states with fewer than 50 cases.

• Cancer Types with Notable Disparities:

  • Thyroid Cancer: Incidence is 3-fold higher in women than in men, but death rates are equivalent.
  • Lung & Bronchus: The leading cause of cancer death for both sexes, with higher mortality in men.
  • Colon & Rectum: Combined deaths due to misclassification, with a higher incidence in men.
  • Prostate Cancer: The most common cancer in men, with a high incidence rate.
  • Female Breast Cancer: The most common cancer in women, with a high incidence rate.

• Demographic Distribution:

  • The incidence and death rates are influenced by sex and race/ethnicity.
  • The SEER Program data cover approximately 9% of the US population for long-term trends, while the broader SEER data cover 28% for lifetime cancer risk and survival.

Conclusion

The 2017 cancer statistics highlight the significant burden of cancer in the United States, with notable sex and racial disparities. The decline in cancer death rates over the past few decades, especially since the 1990s, is attributed to improved screening and treatment. The PPACA has played a role in reducing the racial gap in cancer mortality by improving access to care. Continued efforts are needed to address disparities and improve cancer outcomes for all populations.