2018全球结核病报告（英文版）-8mb

2018 Global Tuberculosis Report Summary

Core Content

The Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 is a comprehensive document published by the World Health Organization (WHO), providing an overview of the global tuberculosis (TB) situation, challenges, and progress towards ending the TB epidemic by 2030. The report highlights the importance of multisectoral collaboration, diagnosis and treatment advancements, prevention strategies, financing mechanisms, and research and development (R&D) in the fight against TB.

Main Chapters

• Chapter 1: Introduction
  This chapter outlines the purpose and scope of the report, emphasizing the global health importance of TB and the need for coordinated efforts to address it.

• Chapter 2: Global Commitments to End TB and Multisectoral Accountability
  It discusses the End TB Strategy, adopted by WHO Member States in 2014, and its alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also highlights the Moscow Declaration from 2017 and the subsequent commitment by WHO Member States in 2018 to accelerate actions.

• Chapter 3: TB Disease Burden
  This chapter presents global and regional estimates of TB incidence, prevalence, and mortality. It highlights the highest burden countries and the disproportionate impact of TB on vulnerable populations.

• Chapter 4: Diagnosis and Treatment
  Focuses on diagnostic methods, treatment guidelines, and management of drug-resistant TB. It includes data on HIV-associated TB, which is a significant driver of TB mortality. A box highlights a national inventory study in Indonesia, which is noted as the largest of its kind globally.

• Chapter 5: TB Prevention Services
  Discusses prevention strategies, including latent TB infection (LTBI) screening, vaccination programs, and community-based interventions.

• Chapter 6: Financing for TB Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment
  Addresses financial resources allocated to TB programs, including support from USAID, Japan, and South Korea. It also highlights the need for increased funding to meet global targets.

• Chapter 7: Universal Health Coverage, Social Protection and Social Determinants
  Examines the role of UHC in TB control and the impact of social determinants on TB incidence and outcomes.

• Chapter 8: TB Research and Development
  Outlines current research efforts, including drug development, vaccine research, and innovative diagnostic tools. It also highlights international partnerships such as the TB Alliance and Global Fund.

Key Information

• The report was compiled by a core team of 17 individuals, led by Katherine Floyd, with contributions from various WHO staff and external partners.
• Data collection and validation involved WHO regional offices, national TB programmes, and surveillance systems.
• The UN high-level meeting on TB is set for 26 September 2018, in New York, and is a key milestone in the global response to TB.
• Global targets for 2030 include a 90% reduction in TB deaths and an 80% reduction in TB incidence compared to 2015 levels.
• The Moscow Declaration was a result of the first WHO global ministerial conference on TB in 2017, which brought together over 1000 participants from 120 countries and 800 partners.
• Key partnerships include the Global Fund, UNAIDS, and FIND.
• Technological advancements in diagnosis (e.g., Xpert MTB/RIF, RT-qPCR) and treatment (e.g., BPaMZ for drug-resistant TB) are emphasized.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Conclusion

The report underscores the urgent need for global action to combat TB, especially in high-burden countries, and calls for increased funding, improved diagnostics, better treatment access, and stronger multisectoral collaboration. It also highlights key research and development initiatives and the role of international organizations in supporting TB control efforts.