IEA-全球电动汽车政策研究（英文）-2021.4-16页_2mb

Global EV Policy Explorer Summary

Core Content

The Global EV Policy Explorer is a document published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) that outlines electric vehicle (EV) deployment policies and measures across various countries and regions. It categorizes these policies into legislation, targets, ambitions, and proposals, aiming to support the transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) for both light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs).

Main Categories of Policies

1. Legislation

• China (2016): Tightened fuel economy standards for heavy commercial vehicles (Stage III National Standard).
• Japan (2019): Implemented fuel economy standards for LDVs, including a well-to-wheel approach.
• Canada (2016): Set CO2 emission standards for HDVs aligned with the US Phase 2 standard.
• Germany (2015): ZEV Alliance set a CO2 emission standard for LDVs, aiming for 100% ZEV sales by 2050.
• United States (2016): ZEV mandate in ten states (e.g., California) for 22% ZEV credit sales by 2025.
• New Zealand (2016): Targeted 64,000 EV stock in passenger cars by 2021.

2. Targets

• China (2020): Targeted 20% share of NEV sales in passenger LDVs by 2025.
• India (2019): Targeted 1.2 million passenger EV stock by 2036.
• France (2020): Targeted 5 million electric LDVs, buses, and two/three-wheelers by 2030.
• Netherlands (2019): Targeted 15,000 FCEVs in passenger LDVs by 2025.
• Norway (2016): Targeted 100% ZEV sales in passenger LDVs by 2025.
• United Kingdom (2021): Targeted phasing out petrol and diesel LDVs by 2030 and 100% ZEV sales by 2035.
• Singapore (2020): Targeted phasing out of passenger ICE vehicles by 2040.
• Thailand (2020): Targeted 30% of total vehicle production to be EVs by 2030.
• Costa Rica (2020): Targeted 30% of passenger LDV stock to be EVs by 2035.
• Chile (2018): Ambition to increase EV stock across all modes by ten times by 2022.

3. Ambitions

• China (2020): Aimed for 70% of passenger vehicles to be electrified by 2025 and 100% by 2035.
• India (2019): Ambition to have 30% EV sales in passenger LDVs by 2030.
• Korea (2019): Aimed for 81,000 FCEVs by 2022 and 6.2 million by 2040.
• France (2018): Ambition to have 5,000–50,000 FCEVs in LDVs by 2028.
• Germany (2019): Ambition to have 7–10 million EVs in passenger LDVs by 2030.
• Poland (2021): Aimed for ZEV public transport in cities with over 100,000 residents by 2030.
• Portugal (2019): Aimed for 30% EV sales in passenger LDVs by 2030.
• Slovenia (2017): Aimed for no new LDVs with CO2 emissions above 50 g CO2/km by 2030.
• Spain (2020): Ambition to have 5,000–7,000 FCEVs on the road by 2030.
• United Kingdom (2021): Aimed for 100% ZEV sales by 2035.
• Cabo Verde (2019): Aimed for 100% EV stock by 2030 and 2050.

4. Proposals

• France (2021): Proposed to phase out the most polluting vehicles (emitting more than 123 g CO2/km) by 2030.
• Netherlands (2017): Proposed 100% ZEV sales in passenger LDVs by 2030.
• Sweden (2019): Proposed a ban on new petrol and diesel car sales after 2030.
• Denmark (2019): Proposed a joint initiative with the Netherlands to phase out diesel and petrol cars by 2030.
• New Zealand (2021): Proposed a CO2 emissions standard of 104 g CO2/km for imported LDVs by 2025.

Key Information

• EV30@30 Campaign: A group of countries that aim for 30% EV sales share in light passenger-duty vehicles (LPDVs), light commercial vehicles (LCVs), buses, and trucks by 2030.

• ZEV Includes: Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).

• Region-Specific Goals:

  • Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Singapore, Thailand.
  • Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
  • North America: Canada, United States.
  • Central and South America: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica.
  • Other Countries: Cabo Verde, Israel.

• Focus Areas:

  • LDVs: Includes cars, vans, and buses.
  • HDVs: Includes heavy commercial vehicles, urban buses, and trucks.
  • Fiscal Policies: Not included in the table (e.g., subsidies, carbon taxes).

• Timeframes:

  • Most targets and ambitions are set for 2025–2035, with some extending to 2040–2050.

Summary of Policy Trends

• Phase-out of ICE vehicles: Several countries (e.g., Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, UK) have set targets to phase out internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles by 2030 or 2035.
• ZEV mandates: Many countries have set targets for a percentage of ZEV sales or stock by specific years.
• FCEV ambitions: A growing number of countries (e.g., Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain) are promoting fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) as part of their EV strategy.
• Fuel economy and emissions standards: Legislation is being used to improve fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.
• Public procurement: Some countries (e.g., France, Italy, Netherlands) have included requirements for public transport to use ZEVs.
• Regional cooperation: Some proposals involve joint efforts between countries, such as the Danish-Dutch initiative for phasing out ICE vehicles in the EU.

Conclusion

The Global EV Policy Explorer provides a comprehensive overview of EV deployment strategies across multiple countries and regions. It highlights a global trend towards zero-emission vehicles, with a focus on legislation, targets, and ambitions to reduce emissions and increase the adoption of EVs. The document emphasizes the transition from ICE vehicles to ZEVs, particularly in LDVs, and includes ambitions for FCEVs and public transport electrification. The EV30@30 Campaign represents a key international effort to accelerate this transition.