OECD-金融流向发展中国家的地理分布2018：支出、承诺与国家指标（英文）-2018.10-306页-2mb

Summary of "Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries" (2018)

Core Content

This report provides a comprehensive overview of financial flows to developing countries from 2012 to 2016, focusing on Official Development Assistance (ODA) and other resource flows, including private flows and multilateral assistance. It is published by the OECD and includes data in both English and French.

Main Sections and Structure

Section A

• Time Period: 2010–2016
• Data Types Covered:
  • Net Disbursements of ODA
  • Commitments of ODA
  • Country Indicators (e.g., population, GNI per capita)
• Coverage:
  • Data is presented for DAC member countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States)
  • Multilateral agencies (e.g., World Bank, UN agencies, regional development banks)
  • Other providing countries (e.g., Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Israel, etc.)
• Key Tables:
  • Net disbursements of ODA by DAC countries
  • Net disbursements of ODA by multilateral agencies
  • Total net disbursements from all sources
  • Net private flows from DAC countries
  • Total net official development finance from all sources

Section B

• Focus: Individual developing countries and territories
• List of Countries and Territories:
  • Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, DPRK, DRC, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, FYR of Macedonia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, States Ex-Yugoslavia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
• Groupings:
  • Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
  • Other Low-Income Countries (LICs)
  • Lower and Upper Middle-Income Countries
  • More Advanced Developing Countries and Territories
  • Unallocated amounts
• Data Presentation:
  • Each country has a dedicated page with detailed financial flows
  • Includes data on net disbursements, commitments, terms, and sector/purpose allocation
  • Tables also provide geographical and income group summaries

Key Information and Main Points

• Net Disbursements refer to actual funds transferred to recipient countries, while commitments are the total amounts pledged.
• Multilateral agencies include the World Bank, UN agencies, regional development banks, and others, and their contributions are aggregated.
• Private flows are also included, though they are less comprehensive than ODA data.
• Geographically unallocated amounts are excluded from the detailed country data in Section B but included in the total figures.
• Sectoral distribution is categorized as:
  • Social infrastructure and services (education, health, water supply)
  • Economic infrastructure and services (energy, transport, industry)
  • Production sectors (agriculture, industry, trade)
  • Multisector (environment, urban and rural development)
  • Programme assistance (budget support, balance of payments)
  • Debt-related actions (forgiveness, rescheduling)
  • Humanitarian aid (cash or in-kind assistance)
  • Other and unallocated (includes aid to NGOs, administrative costs, refugees)

Data Sources and Limitations

• DAC Data: Derived from replies to OECD questionnaires by member countries
• Multilateral Data: Also provided by multilateral agencies through OECD questionnaires
• Other Providing Countries: Varies annually, with data from 2015 including specific countries
• Comprehensiveness:
  • Data is comprehensive for most categories
  • Main omissions include private sector flows from non-DAC donors and grants by private voluntary agencies
• Unallocated Amounts:
  • May include administrative costs, research conducted in donor countries, or confidential data
  • Generally insignificant for official sector flows but can lead to understatement in private flows
  • Particularly affects countries with offshore financial centers or those with large unallocated components (e.g., Australia, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand)

Conclusion

The report serves as a key reference for understanding the geographical distribution of financial flows to developing countries, highlighting the contributions of DAC members, multilateral agencies, and other donors. It provides detailed sectoral breakdowns and country-specific data, making it useful for policy analysis and development planning. However, the comprehensiveness of the data is limited in certain areas, especially private flows and unallocated amounts, which may affect the accuracy of interpretation.