世界银行-一体化的前景：不断变化的全球经济中的机遇（英）-2023.3-90页_4mb

报告摘要

The World Bank report "The Promise of Integration: Opportunities in a Changing Global Economy" analyzes Latin America and the Caribbean's (LAC) economic performance and prospects in a global context. Key findings include LAC's resilience in managing crises like COVID-19 and inflation, but growth remains insufficient for poverty reduction and inequality. Opportunities arise from nearshoring and green energy, yet LAC's declining trade integration and foreign direct investment (FDI) pose challenges. Deficiencies in infrastructure, urban productivity, education, and managerial capabilities hinder leveraging these opportunities.

Core Issues and Opportunities:

Resilience vs. Growth: While LAC has economic stability, long-term growth is lackluster, failing to reduce poverty.
Global Integration Paradox: Despite global trends, LAC's trade and FDI are stagnating, reversing previous gains.
Emerging Opportunities: Nearshoring and green economy offer potential, but require policy reforms and integration.
Challenges: High trade costs, urban inefficiencies, weak human capital, and poor infrastructure constrain development.

Key Recommendations:

Trade and Investment: Deepen preferential trade agreements to reduce border thickness and attract FDI.
Infrastructure: Invest in transport and digital connectivity to lower trade costs.
Human Capital: Enhance education and skills to match global standards, supporting innovation and competitiveness.
Policy Reforms: Strengthen institutional quality, improve financial systems, and champion entrepreneurship to foster dynamic economies.
Urban Development: Revitalize cities as hubs for tradable sectors by addressing congestion and fostering agglomeration benefits.
Integration and Innovation: Leverage the green economy, national innovation systems, and knowledge transfer for sustainable, diversified growth.
Short-Term Actions: Preserve macroeconomic gains, advance regulatory reforms via deep trade agreements, and enhance export and investment promotion agencies.