2018年-查塔姆研究所_Perspectives_on_the_Sudan_South_Sudan_Crisis_6页_236kb

Sudan-South Sudan Crisis Summary

Core Content

The Sudan-South Sudan crisis is a complex and ongoing issue rooted in historical conflict, political tensions, and economic disputes. The document provides insights from HE Pa'gan Amum, the Secretary General of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and Chief Negotiator of the Republic of South Sudan, discussing the current state of relations between the two nations and the path forward for peace and cooperation.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Historical Context

• South Sudan gained independence in 2011, marking the end of a long period of occupation, marginalisation, colonisation, and oppression.
• Over the past 60 years, the region suffered significant loss of life due to the Anglo-Egyptian condominium colonialism.
• The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed to end the civil war, but many issues remain unresolved.

2. South Sudan’s Vision

• South Sudan envisions a future of peace, prosperity, and mutual respect with its neighbors, especially Sudan.
• The country aims to build a stable and independent nation, focusing on economic development and state-building.
• South Sudan is committed to peaceful relations and the resolution of outstanding issues through dialogue and cooperation.

3. Economic and Trade Issues

• South Sudan has offered financial assistance to Sudan to help manage its economic crisis, particularly related to the loss of oil revenue post-independence.
• Sudan rejected this offer, citing a lack of trust in the international community and a belief that South Sudan should bear the full burden of the financial gap.
• The financial gap is estimated at $7.7 billion over five years, with South Sudan agreeing to contribute one third of it, i.e., $2.6 billion.

4. Sudan’s Hostile Actions

• Sudan has imposed a trade embargo on South Sudan since May 2011, which has severely impacted South Sudan’s economy.
• The government of Sudan has used military force to intercept South Sudanese oil in transit, leading to significant financial losses for South Sudan.
• Sudan has also engaged in aerial bombardments and ground attacks against South Sudan, with over 87 aerial attacks recorded in the last two months alone.
• Sudanese authorities have even resorted to shooting to kill citizens attempting to trade with South Sudan, indicating a deep-seated hostility.

5. Call for Peace and Resolution

• South Sudan is ready to return to negotiations and has accepted the roadmap proposed by the African Union Peace & Security Council.
• The country is prepared to sign the agreement of cessation of hostilities proposed by the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel on 4 April 2012.
• South Sudan advocates for the resolution of four key issues, including the oil dispute, border demarcation, and the restoration of trade relations.
• The country calls for international support, including the deployment of a UN-mandated force along the border to prevent further conflict and ensure peace.

Conclusion

The Sudan-South Sudan crisis is not only a matter of territorial and political boundaries but also one of historical grievances and economic interdependence. South Sudan, as a newly independent nation, is seeking peace and cooperation with Sudan, while the latter continues to act in a manner that undermines stability and prosperity. The international community is urged to play a constructive role in facilitating dialogue, supporting peace efforts, and ensuring the protection of both nations' interests.