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Summary of Ethiopian Refugee Situation and SESRE 2023

Data Scope and Methodology

• Ethiopia hosts approximately 929,000 refugees (UNHCR 2023), primarily from South Sudan (45%), Somalia (29%), and Eritrea (18%).
• Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia (SESRE) covers in-camp and out-of-camp (Addis Ababa) refugees and adjacent host communities (3,452 households).
• Method: Integrated with Ethiopia's HoWStat survey design; stratified sampling by refugee domain.
• Key Findings Overview:

Sociodemographics

• Household Size & Gender: Refugee households are larger (avg. 5.2 vs. 4.3). Female-headed households are more common among refugees (*43% vs. 22% hosts). Table:F1
• Education:
  • Hosts: 75% complete primary education, refugees: 59%.
  • Fig: GER/NER Charts
  • Challenges: Limited school transition, girls! Dropout at secondary level. Ch2: Education
• Health:
  • Stunting rates: Eritreans (52-53%), Somalis (47%), South Sudanese hosts (37%). Refugees have >50% stunting vs. hosts' 35%. T2: Health Outcomes

Jobs & Livelihoods

• In-camp refugees employment: 25% vs. 48% for hosts. "Out-of-camp"* only improved earnings. South Sudanese 15% of employment is trade/services (77%). T1, T3`
• Earnings Gap: Refugee hourly pay is 57% lower than hosts (4,000 ETB vs 8,800). Even after education/filter, no reduction gap (Annex D T6).
• Occupational Downgrading: Refugees concentrated in low-skill jobs (1st elementary occupations). Female refugees earn less & fewer high-skill occupations. T7

Welfare & Poverty

• Poverty Incidence:
  • In-camp: 84% (SESRE) vs. Global $2.15/day ($378/year), host communities 75%.
  • Household expenditure: Refugees 27,000 ETB vs. 45,600 ETB hosts! F3: Exp. Charts
• Multidimensional Poverty: Middle higher for refugees (50%) than hosts (23%). T5
• Basic Needs Cost: $378/year no inclusion, $210 current economy, $78 full inclusion. T9

Markets & Location

• Remote camps hindering labor market access (e.g., 5% vs. 74% job probs in high-market areas). F6
• Economic Integration favors proximity to capital cities. In Addis, competition slight for employment sectors Trade(+20pp) & Services. F8

Social Cohesion

• Attitudes: 65%+ hosts agree refugees are good people; hostility higher in South Sudan (20%). F7
• Refugees slightly more trusting (55% vs. 44%), fewer social interactions (30%+ cite *challenges *). T20
• Social Integration: 60%+ refugees have Ethiopian friends (best in Somali domain 61%). T19

Policy Recommendations

• Facilitate work permits automation & expand OCP residency.
• Invest & support education of refugee youth.
• Promote vocational training> self-reliance. Annex B
• Place-based data collection! (Harmonize statistical efforts). Annex C