2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Romania_115页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Romania Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2017 report evaluates the ease of doing business across 11 regulatory areas in the business life cycle, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. The report provides Romania's performance in these areas, comparing it to other selected economies and the global frontier.

Romania is ranked 36th in the ease of doing business ranking (DB2017), down one position from DB2016. Its Distance to Frontier (DTF) score is 74.26, slightly improved from 74.12 in 2016. The report highlights that while the DTF score reflects the absolute distance to regulatory best practices, the ranking is relative to other economies.

Main Indicators and Comparisons

Starting a Business

• Rank: 62 (DB2017), 51 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 89.48 (DB2017), 90.46 (DB2016)
• Procedures (Men/Women): 6 (both)
• Time (Men/Women): 12 days (Men), 12 days (Women)
• Cost (% of income per capita): 2% (Men), 2% (Women)
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 99.96)

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank: 95 (DB2017), 95 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 68.67 (DB2017), 68.38 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 20
• Time (days): 171
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 2%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 87.40)

Getting Electricity

• Rank: 134 (DB2017), 134 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 56.48 (DB2017), 56.44 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 8
• Time (days): 182
• Cost (% of income per capita): 561.1
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 99.88)

Registering Property

• Rank: 57 (DB2017), 56 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 71.11 (DB2017), 71.29 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 7
• Time (days): 21
• Cost (% of property value): 1.4%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 94.46)

Getting Credit

• Rank: 7 (DB2017), 7 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 85.00 (DB2017), 85.00 (DB2016)
• Procedures: 14 (per year)
• Time (hours per year): 161
• Total tax rate (% of profit): 38.4%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank: 53 (DB2017), 51 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 60.00 (DB2017), 60.00 (DB2016)
• Strength of minority investor protection index: 6.0
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 83.33)

Paying Taxes

• Rank: 50 (DB2017), 54 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 81.64 (DB2017), 80.34 (DB2016)
• Payments (per year): 14
• Time (hours per year): 161
• Total tax rate (% of profit): 38.4%
• Best Performer: United Arab Emirates (Rank 1, DTF 99.44)

Trading Across Borders

• Rank: 1 (DB2017), 1 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 100.00 (DB2017), 100.00 (DB2016)
• Time to export (Border compliance): 0 hours
• Cost to export (Border compliance): 0 USD
• Time to export (Documentary compliance): 1 hour
• Cost to export (Documentary compliance): 0 USD
• Best Performer: 10 economies (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank: 26 (DB2017), 26 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 71.08 (DB2017), 71.08 (DB2016)
• Time (days): 512
• Cost (% of claim): 28.9%
• Quality of judicial processes index: 14.0
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 84.15)

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank: 49 (DB2017), 50 (DB2016)
• DTF Score: 59.16 (DB2017), 58.21 (DB2016)
• Recovery rate (cents on the dollar): 34.4
• Time (years): 3.3
• Best Performer: Finland (Rank 1, DTF 93.89)

Key Findings and Highlights

• Methodology Updates:

  • Doing Business 2017 includes postfiling processes in the paying taxes indicator.
  • A gender dimension is introduced in four indicators, with the labor market regulation not included in the overall ranking.
  • New pilot indicators on selling to the government are added.
  • Data for Somalia is included, bringing the total number of economies to 190.

• Comparative Performance:

  • Romania performs better than several comparator economies, such as Bulgaria, Moldova, and Slovakia, in most indicators.
  • However, it lags behind economies like New Zealand, Singapore, and Japan, especially in areas like registering property and resolving insolvency.

• Regulatory Challenges:

  • Despite some improvements, Romania still faces challenges in areas such as getting electricity and resolving insolvency, which are among the most difficult in the report.
  • The report emphasizes the importance of measuring the time, cost, and procedures required for each business activity, as well as the inclusion of gender-specific aspects.

• Data Limitations:

  • The report does not include data on macroeconomic conditions, institutional strength, or infrastructure quality beyond the specified indicators.
  • The DTF score is normalized to a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the best regulatory practices.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report provides a comprehensive assessment of Romania's business environment, highlighting both its strengths and areas for improvement. While Romania has made progress in some areas, it still has significant room for regulatory reform, particularly in procedures related to electricity access and insolvency resolution. The inclusion of gender-specific data adds a new dimension to understanding the business environment, showing that while the number of procedures for men and women is the same, the cost and time may vary depending on gender-specific requirements. Overall, Romania's ranking and DTF score reflect a moderate business environment, with opportunities for further enhancements to support entrepreneurship and economic growth.