2013年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_2014_Economy_Profile___Romania_114页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2014: Romania

Core Content

The Doing Business 2014 report provides a comprehensive analysis of the business environment in Romania, focusing on regulations that impact small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 11 key areas. The report measures and ranks the ease of doing business using quantitative indicators, benchmarking Romania against other economies in the region and globally.

Main Points

• Ease of Doing Business Index: Romania ranks 73 out of 189 economies in the global ease of doing business index, with no change from 2013. The Distance to Frontier (DTF) score is 65.11, indicating Romania is 65.11% of the way to the best practices in the region.
• Key Indicators: The report includes data on 11 areas, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and employing workers.
• Methodology: The indicators are based on the procedures, time, and costs required to legally start and operate a business. The report assumes a standardized company: a limited liability company in Bucharest with 10–50 employees, no real estate ownership, and no special benefits.
• Comparative Analysis: Romania is compared with other economies in the region (e.g., Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Slovakia) and globally (e.g., New Zealand, Singapore, Japan, United Arab Emirates) to evaluate its performance.

Key Findings

Starting a Business

• Rank: 60 (out of 189 economies)
• Procedures: 5
• Time: 8.5 days
• Cost: 2.4% of income per capita
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.7% of income per capita
• Improvements: In 2014, Romania made starting a business easier by transferring the responsibility of issuing a tax clearance certificate to the Trade Registry.
• Comparison: Romania performs better than Bulgaria and Moldova but worse than the Czech Republic and Hungary. It is far behind the best performers, such as New Zealand and Singapore.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank: 136
• Procedures: 15
• Time: 287.0 days
• Cost: 71.2% of income per capita
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is significantly behind the best performers, such as Hong Kong SAR, China and Singapore.

Getting Electricity

• Rank: 174
• Procedures: 7
• Time: 223 days
• Cost: 534.0% of income per capita
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind most economies, with only a few (e.g., Malaysia) performing similarly.

Registering Property

• Rank: 70
• Procedures: 8
• Time: 20.0 days
• Cost: 1.6% of property value
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind the best performer, Georgia, but better than most economies in the region.

Getting Credit

• Rank: 13
• Procedures: 7
• Time: 512 days
• Cost: 28.9% of claim
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania performs better than most economies in the region, but it is far behind the best performer, Malaysia.

Protecting Investors

• Rank: 52
• Procedures: 9
• Time: 512 days
• Cost: 28.9% of claim
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is better than most economies in the region, but it is still far behind the best performer, New Zealand.

Paying Taxes

• Rank: 134
• Procedures: 39
• Time: 200 hours per year
• Cost: 11% of estate
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind the best performer, the United Arab Emirates.

Trading Across Borders

• Rank: 76
• Procedures: 5 to export, 6 to import
• Time: 13 days to export, 13 days to import
• Cost: $1,485 to export, $1,495 to import
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind the best performer, Singapore.

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank: 53
• Procedures: 32
• Time: 512 days
• Cost: 28.9% of claim
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind the best performer, Luxembourg.

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank: 99
• Time: 3.3 years
• Cost: 11% of estate
• Improvements: No significant reform noted in 2014.
• Comparison: Romania is behind the best performer, Japan.

Conclusion

The report highlights that while Romania has made some improvements in certain areas (e.g., starting a business), it still lags behind many of its regional and global competitors in terms of regulatory efficiency. The key areas needing reform are dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, and enforcing contracts. The Distance to Frontier measure shows that Romania has not significantly moved toward best practices in these areas. Overall, the report serves as a tool for policymakers to identify regulatory bottlenecks and guide future reforms.