【东盟】东南亚烧伤面积测绘与估算指南-2025_87页_15mb

Summary of Guideline on Burned Area Mapping and Estimation in Southeast Asia

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive guideline on burned area mapping and estimation in Southeast Asia, aimed at supporting effective fire management, sustainable land use, and regional cooperation. It outlines the necessary resources, data specifications, mapping methods, validation procedures, thematic analysis, and reporting standards for consistent and accurate burned area assessment across the ASEAN region.

Main Data Types and Sources

• Optical Satellite Imagery: Used to identify burned areas through spectral analysis. Examples include Sentinel-2, Landsat, and MODIS data.
• Thermal Satellite Imagery: Detects active fires and hotspots. Utilized for real-time monitoring and identifying fire-prone areas.
• Remote Sensing Indices: Such as the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Burned Area Index (BAI) are used to assess burn severity and differentiate between burned and unburned areas.
• High-Resolution Imagery: From sources like Planet and SPOT-5, used for detailed mapping and validation.
• Global Burned Area Products: These include data from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), and the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS).

Mapping Methods

• Preselection: Involves identifying potential fire-affected areas using hotspots and other indicators.
• Processing: Includes cloud masking, spectral analysis, and the use of machine learning models such as the Random Forests model.
• Advanced Techniques: The use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometric data for accurate mapping, especially in areas with cloud cover.
• Alignment with International Standards: Ensures consistency with global and regional methodologies for burned area assessment.

Validation Procedures

• Rationale for Validation: Ensures the reliability and accuracy of burned area maps.
• Accuracy Assessment Steps: Include stratified random sampling, ground truth surveys, and the use of high-resolution imagery.
• Validation Metrics: Overall Accuracy (OA), commission, omission, relative bias, and user's accuracy are used to evaluate map performance.
• Validation Tools: High-resolution satellite imagery (e.g., SPOT-5), ground surveys, and spectral indices are used to verify burned area maps.

Thematic Analysis

• Rationale for Thematic Analysis: Helps in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of burned areas and their ecological and socio-economic impacts.
• Steps for Thematic Overlay Analysis: Include data integration, classification, and interpretation of burn severity and land cover changes.
• Examples of Thematic Analysis: Include land cover changes in Nan Province, Thailand, and the impact of fire on peatlands and vegetation.

Reporting Specifications

• Reporting Purposes and Audiences: Includes policymakers, researchers, and practitioners involved in fire management and land use planning.
• Presentation of Data: Emphasizes clarity, consistency, and the use of standardized formats and platforms.
• Frequency of Reporting: Varies depending on the application and data availability, but periodic mapping is recommended.
• Distribution Considerations: Ensures that maps and data are accessible to relevant stakeholders and used for informed decision-making.
• Standard Forms and Platforms: Includes the use of GIS, Analysis Ready Data (ARD), and the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Transboundary Haze Pollution Control (ACC THPC).

Key Users

• Policymakers: To inform and develop fire management and land use policies.
• Researchers: To analyze fire patterns, impacts, and mitigation strategies.
• Practitioners: For field validation, data collection, and implementation of mapping programs.

Key Advantages of Remote Sensing

• Provides timely and accurate data on fire extent and severity.
• Enables large-scale monitoring of burned areas across diverse landscapes.
• Facilitates the integration of environmental and socio-economic data for comprehensive analysis.

Regional and International Context

• ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP): A legally binding agreement ratified in 2014 to address haze pollution from land and forest fires.
• Second ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy (APMS): Focuses on sustainable land management and reducing fire-related emissions.
• Global Frameworks: Includes the UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, and IPCC, which emphasize the importance of monitoring and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from wildfires.

Collaboration and Development

• The guideline was developed through a collaborative effort involving ASEAN Member States (AMS), technical specialists from Indonesia, Thailand, and Lao PDR, and international experts from CIFOR-ICRAF.
• It was endorsed by the Committee under the Conference of the Parties to the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (COM AATHP) on 5 February 2025.

Implementation and Adoption

• The guideline provides recommended minimum requirements for data, resources, and processes to ensure accessibility and adoption by all ASEAN member states.
• It aims to enhance regional cooperation, knowledge sharing, and capacity building to achieve a haze-free Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

This guideline serves as a practical toolkit for burned area mapping and fire management in Southeast Asia. It emphasizes the importance of accurate and consistent mapping for policy development, environmental monitoring, and climate change mitigation. By aligning with international standards and promoting regional collaboration, it aims to improve the resilience of ecosystems and communities against the impacts of wildfires.