2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Slovakia_Country_Profile_2013_15页_1006kb

报告摘要

Slovakia Country Profile 2013 - Enterprise Surveys Summary

Core Content Overview

The Slovakia Country Profile 2013 is part of the Enterprise Surveys conducted by the World Bank Group and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). These surveys provide insights into the business environment and firm performance across various sectors and firm sizes in Slovakia, benchmarked against the Eastern Europe & Central Asia (ECA) region and the Upper Middle Income group of countries.

Key Business Environment Indicators

Corruption

Graft Index: 4.8 (Slovakia), indicating the proportion of firms expected to make informal payments for public services.
Gifts to Tax Inspectors: 2.6% of firms in Slovakia expect to give gifts during meetings with tax inspectors.
Gifts for Government Contracts: 22.1% of firms expect to give gifts to secure government contracts.
Gifts for Construction Permits: 4.4% of firms expect to give gifts to obtain construction permits.
Gifts for Import Licenses: 31.6% of firms expect to give gifts to secure import licenses.
Gifts for Operating Licenses: 9.2% of firms expect to give gifts for operating licenses.

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

Days to Obtain Import License: 81.8 days (Slovakia), compared to 15.3 days in the ECA region and 23.5 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Days to Obtain Construction Permit: 44.9 days (Slovakia), compared to 80.2 days in ECA and 87.8 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Days to Obtain Operating License: 35.0 days (Slovakia), compared to 23.9 days in ECA and 40.6 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Senior Management Time Spent on Government Regulation: 8.5% (Slovakia), compared to 7.3% in ECA and 11.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Average Number of Tax Meetings: 0.6 (Slovakia), compared to 1.4 in ECA and 1.8 in Upper Middle Income countries.
Legal Forms of Ownership:
- Closed Shareholding Company: 83.7% (Slovakia), higher than the ECA average of 76.3% and Upper Middle Income average of 58.7%.
- Sole Proprietorship: 15.5% (Slovakia), compared to 12.8% in ECA and 23.4% in Upper Middle Income countries.
- Other Forms: 0.1% (Slovakia), lower than the ECA average of 2.5% and Upper Middle Income average of 1.7%.

Average Firm

Age: 16.0 years (Slovakia), compared to 13.4 years in ECA and 17.1 years in Upper Middle Income countries.
Female Top Manager: 14.0% (Slovakia), compared to 20.2% in ECA and 20.4% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Female Ownership: 29.7% (Slovakia), compared to 32.1% in ECA and 37.6% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Ownership Composition:
- Private Domestic: 88.0% (Slovakia), compared to 92.5% in ECA and 88.1% in Upper Middle Income countries.
- Private Foreign: 11.6% (Slovakia), compared to 6.1% in ECA and 9.9% in Upper Middle Income countries.
- Government/State: 0.0% (Slovakia), compared to 0.7% in ECA and 0.5% in Upper Middle Income countries.

Infrastructure

Power Outages: 0.6 per month (Slovakia), compared to 1.6 in ECA and 1.9 in Upper Middle Income countries.
Value Lost Due to Power Outages: 0.0% (Slovakia), compared to 0.3% in ECA and 0.9% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Water Shortages: 0.0 per month (Slovakia), compared to 0.3 in ECA and 0.5 in Upper Middle Income countries.
Delay in Obtaining Electrical Connection: 29.6 days (Slovakia), compared to 42.1 days in ECA and 30.2 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Delay in Obtaining Water Connection: 13.3 days (Slovakia), compared to 30.0 days in ECA and 33.2 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Delay in Obtaining Mainline Telephone Connection: N/A (Slovakia), compared to 18.3 days in ECA and 12.9 days in Upper Middle Income countries.

Trade

Exporter Firms: 37.9% (Slovakia), compared to 22.6% in ECA and 19.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Use of Foreign Inputs: 65.6% (Slovakia), compared to 64.2% in ECA and 67.8% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Average Time to Clear Direct Exports Through Customs: 1.7 days (Slovakia), compared to 4.4 days in ECA and 7.2 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Average Time to Clear Imports Through Customs: 4.9 days (Slovakia), compared to 5.9 days in ECA and 9.5 days in Upper Middle Income countries.
Losses During Direct Export Due to Theft: 0.3% (Slovakia), compared to 0.2% in ECA and 0.2% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Losses During Direct Export Due to Breakage or Spoilage: 0.7% (Slovakia), compared to 0.8% in ECA and 0.4% in Upper Middle Income countries.

Crime and Informality

Firms Believing Court System is Fair: 16.3% (Slovakia), compared to 40.0% in ECA and 43.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Security Costs (% of Sales): 1.3% (Slovakia), compared to 1.2% in ECA and 1.1% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, etc. (% of Sales): 0.2% (Slovakia), compared to 0.3% in ECA and 0.7% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Formally Registered Firms: 98.3% (Slovakia), compared to 98.2% in ECA and 92.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.

Finance

Internal Finance for Investment: 52.7% (Slovakia), compared to 72.0% in ECA and 67.1% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Bank Finance for Investment: 18.9% (Slovakia), compared to 14.2% in ECA and 18.5% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Trade Credit for Investment: 11.9% (Slovakia), compared to 4.8% in ECA and 6.1% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Equity for Investment: 4.8% (Slovakia), compared to 5.5% in ECA and 4.3% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Working Capital External Financing: 39.4% (Slovakia), compared to 24.5% in ECA and 33.2% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Value of Collateral Needed for a Loan: 160.3% (Slovakia), compared to 189.1% in ECA and 188.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Firms with Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 42.5% (Slovakia), compared to 38.0% in ECA and 42.1% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Firms with Checking or Savings Account: 97.2% (Slovakia), compared to 91.6% in ECA and 93.2% in Upper Middle Income countries.

Innovation and Workforce

Internationally Recognized Quality Certification: 43.5% (Slovakia), compared to 23.0% in ECA and 20.2% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Annual Financial Statement Reviewed by External Auditor: 46.0% (Slovakia), compared to 34.8% in ECA and 49.3% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Firms Using Own Website: 90.6% (Slovakia), compared to 59.9% in ECA and 48.4% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Firms Using Email for Communication: 99.8% (Slovakia), compared to 84.8% in ECA and 82.9% in Upper Middle Income countries.
Average Number of Temporary Workers: 2.0 (Slovakia), compared to 2.7 in ECA and 3.6 in Upper Middle Income countries.
Average Number of Permanent Full-Time Workers: 36.1 (Slovakia), compared to 30.1 in ECA and 37.4 in Upper Middle Income countries.
% of Full-Time Female Workers: 33.2% (Slovakia), compared to 38.9% in ECA and 38.0% in Upper Middle Income countries.

Main Views and Key Information

The Enterprise Surveys for Slovakia in 2013 highlight the following:

Corruption is a significant challenge, with a notable percentage of firms expecting to make informal payments for various services.
Regulatory and licensing processes are time-consuming and costly, especially for import and construction permits.
Infrastructure is generally adequate, but delays in obtaining services and occasional power outages affect business operations.
Trade is active, with a substantial portion of firms using foreign inputs and engaging in international trade.
Crime and informality impose additional costs on firms, though formal registration rates are high.
Financial systems are somewhat developed, but firms still rely heavily on internal financing and face high collateral requirements.
Innovation and workforce show moderate levels of digital adoption and a balanced distribution of employment types, though the use of quality certifications is relatively low compared to other regions.