2024-12-23-世界卫生组织-COVID-19_epidemiological_update_–_24_December_2024_52页_2mb

报告摘要

Circulation: SARS-CoV-2 circulates year-round without clear seasonality, but testing positivity has decreased from a peak of 31% (Poland) to 10.8% globally (Oct-Nov 2024). Cases and deaths have significantly decreased since 2020–2023.
Mortality: Over 776 million cases and 7 million deaths reported since January 2020. Deaths peaked in 2021 (78k weekly avg), but excess mortality estimates (14.91M for 2020-2021) highlight underreporting. Age 65+ remains most affected (88% of deaths from Apr 2022–Oct 2024).
Hospitalizations: Declined from 526k weekly in 2021 to <20k in 2024. ICU admissions per 1000 hospitalizations decreased from 245 in July 2021 to 108 in Nov 2024.

Variants: Omicron (B.1.1.529) dominated from 2021, evolving into subvariants like BA.2, XBB, and JN.1 (currently most prevalent). New variant XEC (prevalence rising) is assessed low risk.
Risk Assessment: WHO uses a framework evaluating variants’ impact on vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics, with updated classifications based on global surveillance (GISAID).

Coverage: 67% of global population received primary series, but boosters lag behind, with high-income countries (49% booster uptake) leading over low-income (<5%).
Trends: Annual uptake shifted from continuous coverage to measuring doses per year. Booster uptake poor in 2024 (e.g., low-income countries<5%).

Africa: Cases/ddeaths down 99% since 2020. Test positivity declined from 51% in late 2021 to <10% (Oct 2024).
Americas: Declined 99% in cases (200M reported), test positivity from 53% in 2022 to <10%.
Europe: Cases down 98%, test positivity rose temporarily in 2024 but remained <20%.

Long COVID: Incidence varies by reports (6–13%), with mild infections accounting for majority cases. Symptoms include fatigue, cognitive issues, and organ impairment.

Reduced hospitalizations coupled with persistent mild cases suggest strains on healthcare systems eased compared to 2020–2022, but long-term sequelae remain a burden.

展开完整摘要