2024-11-05-世界卫生组织-COVID-19_epidemiological_update_–_6_November_2024_33页_3mb

COVID-19 Epidemic Update Summary

Key Highlights

• SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: PCR positivity rose from 5.0% to 6.1% during the reporting period (Sept 16–Oct 13, 2024), with the European Region showing a declining trend from 14.4% to 10.4%.
• Viral Variants: JN.1 is the dominant variant (12.2% of sequences), while KP.3.1.1 and XEC are increasing. Other VUMs are declining. BA.2.86 remains low.
• Wastewater Surveillance: Circulation is estimated 2–19 times higher than reported cases, but testing/reporting gaps persist.
• Morbidity/Mortality: Cases increased 18% (over 360,000 new cases), deaths decreased 25% (≈4,500 fatalities), but data gaps and reduced testing complicate interpretation.
• Hospitalizations/ICU: Global hospitalizations decreased by 9% (≈24,000 new cases), but the European Region saw an increase. ICU admissions dropped by 39% (≈800 new cases).
• Post-COVID Conditions: 6% of symptomatic infections may lead to long-term symptoms, with vaccination reducing risk.
• Vaccination: 16.6 million doses administered globally in 2024 Q1–Q2, with higher uptake in wealthier regions.

Global Overview

• Test Positivity: Weekly positivity averaged 6.1% from 90 countries, with the European Region peak 10.4%.
• Cases/Deaths: Cases rose 18%, deaths fell 25%. Europe (+21% cases, 10% deaths) and Southeast Asia (+62% deaths) saw disproportionate increases.

SARS-CoV-2 Variants

• Circulation: JN.1 (12.2%), KP.3.1.1 (51.1%), XEC (17.2%) are increasing, while others decline. Regional differences noted for KP.3.1.1 and XEC.

WHO Regional Updates

• Africa: Cases up 4%, deaths halved (no deaths reported). Ghana had the highest increase.
• Americas: Cases down 5%, deaths ↓26%. USA and Chile reported significant case surges.
• Europe: Cases ↑21%, deaths ↓10%. High burden in Russia, Czechia, and Armenia.
• Southeast Asia: Cases ↓21%, deaths ↑62%. India led in both areas.
• Western Pacific: Cases ↓37%, deaths ↓78%. New Zealand reported high cases.

Hospitalizations

• Trends: 9% decrease globally; ICU admissions down 39%. Europe reported increases.
• Severity Indicators: ICU/death rates declined from peaks in 2021–2023 but stabilize recently.

Morbidity/Mortality

• Cases and deaths are underestimated due to reduced testing and reporting delays.

Post-COVID and Vaccination

• Post-COVID: 6% of infections may lead to long-term symptoms; vaccination reduces risk.
• Vaccination: Q1–Q2 2024 doses increased by 6.4 million. Older adults had 0.81% uptake (EURO/AMR higher).

FAQ

• Data Limitations: Reporting gaps, testing variability, and delays affect accuracy (e.g., 95/234 and 30/234 countries reported cases/deaths).

This summary highlights key trends, regional variations, and critical data gaps in a concise format.