亚开行-2025年亚洲及太平洋主要指标（英）-2025_375页_9mb

Summary of Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2025

Core Content

The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2025 is the 56th edition of a flagship report by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), offering comprehensive statistical data on economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for 50 regional members. The report emphasizes the integration of environmental and economic data to better measure and understand sustainable global production in the context of a globalized economy.

Main Findings

• Environmental and Economic Integration: The report introduces Environmentally Extended Multiregional Input-Output (EE-MRIO) tables, a new analytical tool that combines environmental and economic data to trace emissions across global value chains, both direct and indirect.
• Emissions Trends: Emissions continue to rise globally, but some economies have managed to decouple economic growth from emissions increases. These include notable progress in reducing emissions intensity while maintaining economic output.
• Data Gaps and Challenges: There are significant data gaps in regions with high environmental vulnerability, which hinder the development of effective environmental policies. These gaps are particularly acute in areas where environmental measures are most needed.
• Regional Cooperation: The report underscores the importance of regional collaboration in improving data quality and sharing knowledge to support sustainable development. It highlights the need for strengthening national statistical systems.
• Sectoral Analysis: Detailed sectoral analyses across agriculture, manufacturing, utilities, transport, services, and waste reveal that certain sectors, like utilities, have high environmental impacts and require targeted mitigation strategies.
• Trade and Emissions: Trade and global value chains play a crucial role in shaping emissions, with production-based carbon pricing potentially leading to unintended consequences. Consumption-based emissions accounting is also recommended for a more accurate understanding of environmental impacts.

Key Indicators and Applications

Section I: Measuring Sustainable Global Production

• EE-MRIO Tables: These tables provide a more accurate and detailed view of emissions by integrating environmental data with economic accounts.
• Decoupling: The report explores how some economies have managed to decouple emissions from economic growth, using metrics like emissions intensity.
• Supply Chain Emissions: The environmental impact of supply chains is highlighted, showing that emissions are often not localized and require a broader analysis.
• Trade and Emissions: Trade and value chains significantly influence emissions, and there is a need for a balanced approach that considers both environmental and economic benefits.

Section II: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The report includes tables on key SDG indicators, such as:

• SDG 1 (No Poverty): Poverty and inequality metrics.
• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): Agricultural investment and food security indicators.
• SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being): Maternal and child health, communicable diseases, and health workforce data.
• SDG 4 (Quality Education): Literacy rates, education completion, and teacher training data.
• SDG 5 (Gender Equality): Early marriage and women in leadership.
• SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): Water and sanitation access.
• SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy): Energy production, consumption, and sources.
• SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth): Unemployment, youth participation, and economic growth.
• SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure): Manufacturing growth, CO₂ emissions, and R&D investment.
• SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities): Household income and expenditure growth.
• SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): Urbanization and infrastructure indicators.
• SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production): Resource use and waste management.
• SDG 13 (Climate Action): Disaster impacts and risk reduction strategies.
• SDG 14 (Life Below Water): Marine resources and sustainability.
• SDG 15 (Life on Land): Ecosystem and biodiversity protection.
• SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions): Governance and institutional capacity.
• SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals): Financial sustainability and statistical capacity building.

Section III: Sectoral Analyses

• Agriculture: Emissions are linked to land use and deforestation, with challenges in data collection and reporting.
• Industries and Utilities: These sectors are the largest contributors to emissions and energy use, with a focus on their environmental impact.
• Transport and Services: The report highlights the role of transport in emissions, especially road and air transport, and the need for greener logistics and infrastructure.
• Waste Management: Waste sectors require attention for their contribution to emissions and environmental degradation.

Section IV: Conclusions

• Balancing Growth and Sustainability: Policymakers must focus on both economic growth and environmental sustainability, particularly in targeting high upstream emissions.
• Data Accuracy and Accessibility: Improved data collection and sharing are essential for informed decision-making and effective policy implementation.
• Global Value Chains: Understanding the environmental implications of global value chains is crucial for developing targeted and effective mitigation strategies.

Key Recommendations

• Enhance Data Systems: Strengthen national and regional data systems to provide more accurate and timely emissions data.
• Promote Regional Cooperation: Collaborate across borders to address shared environmental challenges and improve policy alignment.
• Implement Sector-Specific Strategies: Tailor mitigation efforts to high-emission sectors such as utilities, transport, and manufacturing.
• Adopt Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting: This approach provides a more complete picture of environmental impacts, especially in regions that export high-emission goods.
• Support Green Technology Transfer: Facilitate the adoption of green technologies in developing economies through trade and investment mechanisms.

Additional Information

• The report is available online at adb.org/publications/key-indicators-asia-and-pacific-2025.
• Detailed statistical tables for all 50 economies are accessible at kidb.adb.org.
• The report includes figures, tables, and boxes that provide in-depth insights and case studies on various topics.
• ADB's new dataset covers Türkiye, a new regional member, enhancing the scope of emissions data for the region.