2024亚太移民报告（英）_184页_7mb

Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2024: Assessing Implementation of the Global Compact for Migration

Core Content

The Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2024 evaluates the progress made in implementing the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) across the 53 ESCAP member States and 9 associate members in the Asia-Pacific region over the past four years. It highlights the importance of migration in the region, which is home to over half of the world's population and hosts more than 40% of global migrants. The report underscores that migration is a key driver of inclusive and sustainable development, and that the region has a wealth of good practices in managing migration.

Main Viewpoints

• Migration is vital for development: Migrants and their families contribute significantly to the region's economy and society, especially through remittances, which account for up to 40% of GDP in some countries.
• Intra-regional migration dominates: Over 70% of Asia-Pacific migrants move within the region, often within their own subregion or to other countries in the global South.
• Migration is a defining feature of globalization: It connects societies and regions, and all countries—whether origin, transit or destination—are affected.
• Migration must be people-centred and sustainable: Policies should be based on evidence, take into account diverse situations, and promote equity, human rights, and labour rights for migrants.
• Digital transformation and skill development are key: These elements are crucial for improving migration pathways, employability, and migration management.
• Irregular migration is a significant challenge: It is often driven by lack of regular pathways, high costs, and barriers to access, and poses risks to migrants, especially in maritime routes and through border securitization.
• Regional and international cooperation are essential: The Regional United Nations Network on Migration plays a central role in collaboration and policy development to ensure safe, orderly and regular migration.

Key Information

Migration Trends and Statistics

• The Asia-Pacific region accounts for 58% of the global population in 2024.
• The three main destination countries in the region are the Russian Federation (11.6 million), Australia (7.7 million), and Türkiye (6.1 million).
• Over 108 million people from Asia and the Pacific live in other countries or territories.
• More men than women live outside their country of birth, although gender-balanced migration is becoming more common in recent decades.

Types of Migration

• Labour migration is the most common form, involving temporary migration of working-age individuals.
• South-South migration is predominant, especially from South and South-West Asia to the Middle East.
• Return migration, student migration, family reunification, and permanent settlement are also important.
• Refugees and asylum seekers, as well as older persons, face unique challenges.

Migration and Sustainable Development

• Migration contributes to reducing inequalities, building connections, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes inclusive and sustainable development, which is central to the GCM.
• The "triple planetary crisis" (climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss) is a growing concern and a driver of migration, particularly in the Pacific subregion.

Challenges in Migration Implementation

• Irregular migration is a major issue, with vulnerabilities exacerbated by climate change, economic crises, and conflicts.
• Legislation and enforcement gaps remain, especially regarding human rights and labour standards.
• Gender responsiveness is lacking in many migration policies, despite the increasing number of women migrating for work.
• Skills recognition, discrimination, and access to social services are ongoing challenges for migrants.

Good Practices and Innovations

• Digital tools are being used to simplify migration procedures, such as online visa and work permit applications.
• Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) among ASEAN countries help skilled migration.
• Bilateral agreements and MOUs are being developed to facilitate mobility and improve working conditions.
• Human rights-based approaches are being promoted, including refugee protection and fair recruitment.

Conclusion

The Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2024 highlights the need for greater regional cooperation, stronger policies, and improved implementation of the GCM. It calls for people-centred, evidence-based, and sustainable migration strategies that address vulnerabilities, inequalities, and human rights issues. The report also emphasizes the importance of digital transformation, skill development, and gender-responsive policies in making migration more inclusive and beneficial for all.