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Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2020 Summary

Core Content

The Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2020 is a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the Global Compact for Migration (GCM) in the region. It was produced by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) in collaboration with the Regional United Nations Network on Migration for Asia and the Pacific, which includes several UN agencies such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), International Organization for Migration (IOM), UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, and others.

The report highlights the increasing levels of international migration in the Asia-Pacific region, with over 65 million international migrants in 2019, representing a quarter of the global total. It also emphasizes the critical role of migration in shaping the region's economic, social, and environmental dynamics, and the importance of making migration safe, orderly, and regular to ensure the protection of human rights and promote sustainable development.

Main Chapters and Objectives

The report is structured around the following main chapters, each addressing specific GCM objectives:

1. Migration levels and trends in Asia and the Pacific – Highlights the growing number of migrants, the demographic distribution, and the regional and international patterns of migration.
2. Ensuring voluntary, regular, safe and orderly migration – Focuses on the need for accessible, legal migration pathways, especially for temporary workers and women, and the role of good practices in improving migration conditions.
3. Protecting migrants through rights-based border governance and border management measures – Discusses the importance of secure and humane border management, the right to nationality, and the challenges faced by migrants in vulnerable situations.
4. Supporting migrants' protection, integration and contribution to development – Examines the need for integrated policies that support the rights and well-being of migrants, including access to services and legal protection.
5. Strengthening evidence-based policymaking, public debate and cooperation for safe, orderly and regular migration – Stresses the importance of data, research, and multi-stakeholder engagement in shaping migration policies.

A dedicated chapter addresses the short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrants and their families, emphasizing the need for coordinated regional and international responses to ensure migration remains safe and orderly.

Key Information

• The Asia-Pacific region is home to 4.6 billion people, with 65 million international migrants in 2019.
• Intra-regional migration is the most common form, with 43% of all emigrants from the region moving within it.
• The percentage of male and female migrants is roughly balanced at 51% and 49%, respectively.
• Temporary labour migration is the dominant form of migration, especially from lower to higher income countries.
• Women migrants, particularly domestic workers, are at higher risk of discrimination, violence, abuse, and exploitation.
• Irregular migration is prevalent due to high costs, restrictive policies, and lack of legal pathways.
• Smuggling and trafficking are significant issues, often driven by the lack of safe and legal migration options.
• The right to nationality is essential for migration and the prevention of statelessness.
• Search and rescue is a key element of border management, especially for migrants in distress at sea.
• Regional cooperation is crucial for effective migration governance, with the Asia-Pacific Regional Review planned for March 2021.
• The Global Compact for Migration is grounded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, international human rights law, and international labour law.

Recommendations

The report concludes with a series of recommendations aimed at:

• Enhancing regular migration pathways and reducing the reliance on irregular migration.
• Improving border governance and management to protect migrants' rights.
• Strengthening international cooperation and multi-stakeholder engagement.
• Promoting safe and dignified migration through legal and policy reforms.
• Addressing the human rights and development challenges faced by migrants, especially those in vulnerable situations.

Conclusion

The Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2020 serves as a baseline for assessing the implementation of the GCM in the region. It underscores the importance of cooperation, human rights protection, and sustainable development in shaping the future of migration in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. The report is intended to guide ESCAP member states and associated stakeholders in their efforts to achieve a comprehensive and inclusive approach to migration.

Contributors and Acknowledgements

• The report was authored by a team of experts from the Regional United Nations Network on Migration for Asia and the Pacific.
• Sabine Henning and Paul Tacon (ESCAP) led the drafting of the main chapters.
• Jerrold W. Huguet authored chapters 4 and 5.
• Chapter 6 was written by Sabine Henning and Paul Tacon, with input from multiple UN agencies.
• The Expert Group Meeting held in July 2020 in Bangkok contributed valuable insights and recommendations.
• The World Bank and UN agencies provided financial support for the report's preparation.

Contact Information

For more information, contact:

• Social Development Division, ESCAP
• Email: escap-sdd@un.org

Disclaimer

• The views expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or other international agencies.
• The report is not independently verified and is not exhaustive.
• The United Nations does not take responsibility for the continued accuracy of the information or for the content of external websites.