2011-12-31-世界卫生组织-2012_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Ghana_junior_high_schools_4页_40kb

报告摘要

Summary of 2012 Ghana Junior High GSHS Fact Sheet

Introduction

The 2012 Ghana Junior High Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was a school-based survey targeting students in grades JHS 1-3, aged 13-17 years. It employed a two-stage cluster sampling design, with schools selected proportional to enrollment size and classes randomly chosen. Overall response rates were 100% for schools and 82% for students, involving 1648 participants. Data cover various health behaviors, with prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals provided by age group.

Response Rates and Sample

School response rate: 100%
Student response rate: 82%
Overall response rate: 82%
Total participants: 1648

Key Findings by Health Domain

Alcohol Use

High alcohol consumption among 13-17-year-olds: 76-87% ever drank, with first use often before age 14.
15-19% consumed alcohol on ≥1 day in the past 30 days; 9-11% were drunk, and similar proportions reported life-time drunkenness.

Dietary Behaviors

BMI issues: 6-9% underweight, 9-11% overweight, and 1-2% obese.
Common soft drink consumption: 47-63% drank ≥1 carbonated soft drink daily in the past 30 days.

Drug Use

Widespread drug use: 85-90% ever used drugs, with first use frequently before age 14.
Life-time use of marijuana: 4-13% among adolescents.

Hygiene

Poor hygiene practices: 8-12% brushed teeth <1 time daily, and 6-12% rarely washed hands after using the toilet.

Mental Health

High risks: 16-21% considered suicide, and 25-31% attempted it; 9-14% had few close friends, indicating social isolation concerns.

Physical Activity

Low activity levels: Only 16-19% met recommended 60 minutes of physical activity daily ≥5 days; physical education attendance varied.

Protective Factors

Inadequate parental supervision: 32-35% felt parents/guardians understood problems only sometimes; 41-44% missed school without permission.

Sexual Behaviors

Early sexual debut: 25-43% ever had intercourse, with 58-78% starting before age 14; condom use was rare among those who had sex.

Tobacco Use

High smoking prevalence: 8-11% smoked cigarettes on ≥1 day in the past 30 days; 83-94% of ever-smokers tried a cigarette before age 14, with extensive passive smoking reported.

Violence and Unintentional Injury

Common violence: 39-57% in physical fights, and 59-68% bullied; 62-72% suffered serious injuries in the past 12 months.

Overall, the survey highlights significant risks in health behaviors, particularly alcohol, tobacco use, mental health, and violence, with variations by age and gender, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

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