2025-03-09-世界银行-赞比亚2025年贫困与公平评估_在失去的十年后扭转局面（英）_80页_10mb

ZAMBIA Poverty and Equity Assessment Summary

National Context and Findings:

• Zambia ranks among the poorest (6th highest extreme poverty rate globally) and most unequal countries in SSA, with high structural vulnerability to poverty.
• Poverty incidence rose to 60% by 2022, driven by weak growth, recurrent droughts, and inadequate policies, masking regional disparities.

Key Trends and Drivers:

• Urban poverty surged during 2020, while rural poverty stagnated, highlighting gaps in service access (especially electricity) and labor market failures in secondary cities.
• Rural-urban divides widened, with near-urban areas showing slight improvements due to better asset access, contrasted with declining poverty-sensitive incomes elsewhere.
• Agriculture contributes to poverty, but shifting to medium-scale farming or wage employment offers pathways, contingent on supportive policies.

Policy Directions:

1. Economic Transformation: Achieve sustained private-sector-led growth through reforms in trade, finance, and infrastructure to create quality jobs and enhance agricultural productivity.
2. Inclusive Growth: Invest in universal electricity access, WASH, and human capital to mitigate structural vulnerabilities, targeting the far north and urbanizing rural regions.
3. Resilience and Social Protection: Strengthen social safety nets like the SCT program to cushion climate shocks, with a focus on gender-responsive policies.
4. Data and Governance: Enhance data quality and public investment efficiency to better monitor poverty trends and allocate resources.

Conclusion:
Addressing foundational barriers requires coordinated efforts across fiscal, private sector, and social protection policies to turn around deep-rooted poverty and inequality.