1999-12-31-世界卫生组织-2000_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Malawi_Blantyre_1页_39kb

Malawi-Blantyre Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Malawi-Blantyre Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based study conducted in 2000, targeting students in Standards 7 and 8, and Form 1. The survey aimed to gather data on the prevalence of tobacco use and the five key determinants influencing youth tobacco consumption: access/availability and price, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), cessation, media and advertising, and school curriculum. The findings provide insights into the current tobacco use patterns and perceptions among Malawian youth, which can inform the development of a comprehensive tobacco control program.

Methodology

The survey used a two-stage cluster sampling design to ensure representative data for all of Malawi-Blantyre:

• First stage: Schools were selected with probability proportional to their enrollment size.
• Second stage: Classes were randomly selected, and all students in these classes were eligible to participate.

The response rates were as follows:

• School response rate: 92.3%
• Class response rate: 100%
• Student response rate: 85.2%
• Overall response rate: 78.6%

A total of 783 students aged 13–15 years participated in the survey.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• 15.0% of students had ever smoked cigarettes.
  • Boys: 24.4%
  • Girls: 8.3%
• 16.7% currently use any tobacco product.
  • Boys: 17.8%
  • Girls: 15.9%
• 2.4% currently smoke cigarettes.
  • Boys: 4.2%
  • Girls: 0.9%
• 14.7% currently use other tobacco products.
  • Boys: 14.4%
  • Girls: 15.2%
• 14.9% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking in the next year.

Knowledge and Attitudes

• 41.6% of students think boys who smoke have more friends.
• 21.1% think girls who smoke have more friends.
• 2.1% think boys who smoke look more attractive.
• 2.7% think girls who smoke look more attractive.

Access and Availability

• 10.0% of current smokers usually smoke at home.
• 16.4% buy cigarettes in a store.
• 27.5% of those who bought cigarettes in a store were not refused purchase due to their age.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• 19.0% live in homes where others smoke in their presence.
• 30.4% are exposed to smoke in public places.
• 10.2% have one or more parents who smoke.
• 4.8% have most or all friends who smoke.
• 83.1% believe smoke from others is harmful to them.
• 90.1% think smoking should be banned from public places.

Cessation

• 96.4% of current smokers want to stop smoking.
• 89.4% have ever received help to stop smoking.

Media and Advertising

• 83.6% of students saw anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days.
• 57.7% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards.
• 72.6% saw pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines.
• 14.9% have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• 13.3% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

School Curriculum

• 68.7% had been taught about the dangers of smoking.
• 44.5% discussed reasons for smoking among their peers.
• 63.7% learned about the effects of tobacco use.

Main Points

• Tobacco use is common among youth, with over 16% currently using any tobacco product and nearly 15% having ever smoked cigarettes.
• Gender differences are evident: boys are significantly more likely to use tobacco than girls.
• SHS exposure is moderate, with over 19% of students living in homes with smokers and 30% exposed to smoke in public spaces.
• Strong public perception exists regarding the harm of secondhand smoke and the need for smoking bans in public areas.
• High cessation intent is observed, with over 96% of current smokers wanting to quit.
• Media plays a significant role, with exposure to both anti-smoking messages and pro-cigarette advertising.
• School education has been effective in raising awareness about the dangers of smoking and its effects, but there is room for improvement in addressing peer influences and providing cessation support.

Conclusion

The GYTS highlights the need for targeted tobacco control interventions among Malawian youth, focusing on reducing access, increasing awareness of the harms of tobacco and SHS, and reinforcing school-based education programs. The survey also underscores the importance of addressing social norms and media influences to prevent initiation and promote cessation.