2024-06-17-世界卫生组织-Sudan_conflict_and_refugee_crisis,_Multi-country_External_Situation_Report_1_-_18_June_2024_21页_803kb

Sudan Conflict and Refugee Crisis: Multi-Country External Situation Report Summary

Situation Overview
The report details the health and humanitarian crisis stemming from the Sudan conflict (April 2023). Key points:

• 10 million displaced internally in Sudan; 2 million refugees in neighboring countries (Chad, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Central African Republic).
• Health system in Sudan severely damaged; millions lack access to healthcare.
• WHO acts as cluster lead agency; health cluster aims to reach 4.9 million people but is only 26% funded; $178 million needed.
• Famine risk exists, especially in Darfur and Khartoum.
• Malnutrition prevalent; 3.6M children under 5 and 1.2M pregnant/breastfeeding women acutely malnourished.

Health and Epidemiology Updates

• Multiple disease outbreaks: Measles (4800 cases), Cholera (11,211 cases), Malaria (1.5M cases), Dengue (9,276 cases), Meningitis, Hepatitis E.
• Resources and capacities to detect and respond to outbreaks are limited in hard-to-reach areas.

Operational Updates

• Challenges include access restrictions, unreliable logistics, lack of standard operating procedures, and workforce issues.
• Health cluster partners provide essential services, yet access remains difficult.
• WHO is implementing the EWAR surveillance pilot and expanding supply chain operations.

Situation in Neighboring Countries

• Chad: Hosted 777,330 refugees (45% of total), facing health crises including malnutrition, measles, and dengue. Healthcare system overburdened.
• Central African Republic: 31,600 Sudanese refugees; facing hepatitis E outbreak.
• South Sudan: 695,143 arrivals since conflict; dealing with multiple outbreaks and funding shortages.
• Ethiopia: 133,000 entered due to conflict; healthcare system strained due to multiple emergencies.

Special Focus: Responding to Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

• GBV prevalence doubles in humanitarian settings; 70% of women experience GBV.
• Health services for GBV survivors are lacking or underutilized.
• Coordination and ensuring survivor-centered care are critical.

Key Operational Challenges

• Resource Mobilization: $33.5M received for WHO; $52M gap in Sudan; 80% funding gap for neighboring countries’ health operations.
• Access Constraints: Ongoing conflicts and administrative barriers limit humanitarian assistance.
• Early Warning Limitations: Inadequate surveillance in hard-to-reach areas impedes decision-making.

Next Steps

• Implement early warning surveillance pilot in East and Central Darfur.
• Finalize Public Health Situation Analysis for Chad, CAR, Ethiopia, and South Sudan.
• Refill drug supplies and improve logistics at entry points.
• Build capacity of health workers and emergency medical teams.