2011年-IMF国际货币组织全球_Burundi_Poverty_Reduction_Strategy_Paper_112页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of Burundi: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Progress Report (October 2010)

Core Content

This document is the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Progress Report for Burundi, prepared by the Burundi authorities in 2010 to evaluate the performance and impact of the first Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Framework (GPRSF I. 2007-2009). It outlines the progress made in key areas such as governance and security, sustained and shared growth, development of human capital, and combating HIV/AIDS, while identifying lessons learned and recommendations for future strategies.

Main Objectives of the First GPRSF

The first GPRSF aimed to achieve four main objectives:

Governance and Security: Establish a stable political environment and ensure national security.
Sustained and Equitable Growth: Promote economic growth that is inclusive and based on rural development.
Development of Human Capital: Improve education and health systems to enhance human development.
Combating HIV/AIDS: Reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS and improve access to treatment.

Key Findings

I. Governance and Security

Political Normalization: Elections were organized in 2005 and 2010, with the establishment of the CENI (Independent National Election Commission) based on broad consensus.
Security Restoration: Internal security was reestablished by 2008, with the transformation of the FNL (National Liberation Front) into a political party marking the end of hostilities.
Demobilization and Reintegration: The DRR (Demobilization, Reinsertion, Reintegration) program has demobilized combatants, but reintegration support remains limited.
Military and Police Reduction: The number of military personnel decreased from 32,000 in 2005 to 28,000 in 2009, and police forces dropped from 19,500 to 17,000. The government aims to retain 25,000 military and 15,000 police personnel.
Disarmament: Civilian disarmament continues, but only 100,000 weapons have been seized so far. Mine clearance has been successful in three provinces.
Administrative Reforms: Progress in administrative reform is limited, but public finance reforms have been satisfactory, with modernized procedures and improved budgetary control.
Judicial System: Judicial reforms have been inadequate, with increasing backlogs, declining enforcement of decisions, and a lack of capacity to handle property disputes.

II. Sustainable and Shared Growth

Economic Growth: The growth rate was barely above 4% from 2006 to 2009, which is insufficient to reduce the poverty rate (67% in 2006).
Agricultural Growth: Limited progress in agriculture, with primary sector growth at less than 3%. Factors include lack of security, poor weather, slow reestablishment of research and extension services, and decline in coffee production.
Infrastructure Development: Road construction and rehabilitation improved connectivity, but international transportation costs remain high (23% of export value). Electricity and ICT infrastructure development is limited, with only 3% of the population having access to electricity.
Private Sector: The business climate is poor, and private sector development is hindered by weak infrastructure and limited investment. Public-private collaboration frameworks have been established but are not yet fully operational.

III. Development of Human Capital

Education: Primary school enrollment increased significantly, from 59.8% in 2005 to 89.7% in 2009. However, secondary and tertiary education development is limited, and grade repetition rates remain high.
Health: Efforts to train paramedical staff and improve infrastructure have increased access to health services. Free maternal and child health care has improved utilization rates, though access to essential medications remains a challenge.
Water and Sanitation: Some progress has been made, but data accuracy is poor and needs better monitoring.

IV. Combating HIV/AIDS

Progress: Prevention and screening efforts have advanced, with the number of patients treated with antiretrovirals tripling. HIV prevalence has declined nationally and in urban/semi-urban areas but increased in rural regions.
Challenges: Continued efforts are needed to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS and improve treatment access.

Principal Lessons Learned

Growth Needs Attention: Growth remains insufficient, especially in rural areas where the majority of the poor reside.
Governance Must Be Strengthened: Continued reform of the judicial system and administrative structures is essential.
Human Capital Development: Education and health systems require further investment and improvement.
HIV/AIDS Response: The fight against HIV/AIDS must be intensified, particularly in rural areas.
Quality of Education: With primary enrollment approaching 100%, the focus should shift to improving the quality of education and aligning secondary and tertiary education with market needs.

Key Recommendations for Future Strategies

I. Four Principal Recommendations

Stimulate Growth in Agriculture and Rural Development: Improve research and extension services, modernize input distribution, and leverage hydrological potential.
Diversify Export Crops and the Economy: Focus on coffee, tea, and non-traditional exports, as well as the mining and tourism sectors.
Develop Infrastructure: Invest in transportation, energy, and ICT to support economic activities and reduce costs.
Strengthen the Private Sector: Implement public-private collaboration frameworks and accelerate privatization of government enterprises.

II. Specific Recommendations

Continue Demobilization and Reintegration: Ensure effective support for reintegration programs.
Improve Judicial System: Expand court infrastructure, increase judicial training, and enhance the independence of the judiciary.
Enhance Education Quality: Invest in school infrastructure, teacher training, and academic materials.
Adapt Education to Market Needs: Align secondary and tertiary education with the increasing number of primary school graduates.
Improve Healthcare System: Redeploy human resources, provide incentives for health professionals, and strengthen CAMEBU (Burundi Essential Medications Central Purchasing Office).
Enhance Water and Sanitation: Improve access and quality of water and sanitation services.
Combat Corruption: Launch a vigorous campaign to improve the country’s image and attract investment.
Accelerate Administrative Reforms: Professionalize the civil service and promote decentralization.
Ensure Resource Mobilization: Continue efforts to secure funding for poverty reduction and HIV/AIDS programs.

Conclusion

The first GPRSF has made notable progress in governance, security, and human capital development, but growth remains inadequate. Future strategies must prioritize economic growth, especially in rural areas, and further strengthen governance, education, and health systems. Continued investment in infrastructure and the private sector is also crucial to support long-term development and poverty reduction.

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