2011年-IMF国际货币组织全球_Republic_of_Moldova_Poverty_Reduction_Strategy_Paper_94页_1mb

Summary of the Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Progress Report (2009–2010)

Core Content

This report outlines the progress made by the Republic of Moldova in implementing its National Development Strategy (NDS) from 2009 to 2010, focusing on poverty reduction, economic recovery, and alignment with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The document highlights both challenges and achievements in the socio-economic context, including the impact of the global financial crisis and the 2010 floods.

Main Economic and Social Indicators

• GDP Growth: Increased by 6.5% in 2010 compared to the same period in 2009.
• Budget Deficit: Reduced from MDL 3.8 billion in 2009 to MDL 1.7 billion in 2010.
• Inflation: Remained one of the lowest in the region, at 8.1% in December 2010.
• Public Budget Revenues: Rose by 17.1% during 2010 compared to 2009.
• Public Budget Spending: Increased by 7.2% during the same period.
• Average Salary: Increased by almost MDL 200.
• Social Aid: Doubled in both the number of recipients and financial resources allocated.
• IMF Support: A new three-year program under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and Extended Fund Facility (EFF) was approved, with an initial disbursement of SDR 60 million (US$93.2 million) and additional funds available in installments.

Poverty and Inequality Trends

• Absolute Poverty Rate: Stagnated at 26.3% in 2009, up from 26.4% in 2008.
• Extreme Poverty Rate: Decreased to 2.1% in 2009, from 3.2% in 2008.
• Poverty Gap Index: 5.9% for absolute poverty and 0.4% for extreme poverty in 2009.
• Inequality: Increased, with the richest 20% spending about five times more than the poorest 20%.
• Rural Poverty: Increased by 1.7 percentage points to 36.3% in 2009.
• Urban Poverty: Declined by 3.9 percentage points to 7% in large cities and 1.5 percentage points to 19.7% in small towns.
• Household Size: Households with five or more members had the highest poverty rate (41.7%).
• Education Level: Households with higher education had a lower poverty rate (4.1%), while those with no education had the highest (57%).
• Income Source: Households relying on agricultural income had the highest absolute poverty rate (50%).
• Social Aid Recipients: Increased from 21,000 in 2009 to 55,000 in 2010.
• Social Aid Funding: Rose from MDL 114 million in 2009 to MDL 283.7 million in 2010.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Progress

Key Policies and Reforms

• Social Assistance: Increased the guaranteed minimum monthly family income from MDL 430 to MDL 530 in early 2010, expanding the number of beneficiaries.
• Nominative Compensations: Phased out for new applicants, with social aid taking over to better target the poor.
• Education Reforms: Focused on improving access to education and reducing inequality in enrollment rates.
• Healthcare: Improved access to health services and increased immunization rates.
• Employment: Harmonized educational offer with labor market needs to increase employment rates.
• Social Inclusion: Expanded social protection and public services to vulnerable groups.

Challenges and Areas for Improvement

• Poverty in Rural Areas: Continues to be a major challenge due to low modernization and poor infrastructure.
• Inequality: Remains high, with a growing gap between urban and rural populations.
• Education Enrollment: Decreased from 95.1% in 2002 to 90.7% in 2009, with risks in the long term.
• Social Aid Effectiveness: Limited targeting and awareness among poor households.
• MDG Targets: Some targets, especially in education and HIV/AIDS, are not on track.

Conclusion

Despite the challenges posed by the financial crisis and floods, the Republic of Moldova has made progress in poverty reduction, economic recovery, and aligning with the MDGs. The government's efforts in improving social assistance, education, and public services have contributed to positive trends. However, continued focus is needed on rural development, inequality reduction, and ensuring effective targeting of social programs to achieve long-term goals.