2023-05-17-世界银行-生物多样性与金融_新兴市场银行业物理风险的初步评估（英）_29页_1mb

Biodiversity and Finance: A Preliminary Assessment of Physical Risks for the Banking Sector in Emerging Markets. This paper analyzes the potential exposure of banking systems in 20 emerging markets to physical risks from nature loss through their lending portfolios.
Key Findings:

1. Approximately 50% of banks' credit portfolios allocate funds to firms highly or very highly dependent on ecosystem services.
2. Exposure to these physical risks is negatively correlated with a country's income level; low-middle-income countries show higher average exposure (55%) compared to higher-income nations (45%).
3. The highest dependencies are on climate regulation and flood/storm protection, indicating interconnectedness with climate change.
4. Construction and real estate account for over 20% of total sector dependencies.
   Methodology:
   Using the ENCORE database, the study links economic sectors to ecosystem services dependencies through publicly available credit data. It assesses direct dependencies and highlights limitations due to data granularity and indirect impacts via supply chains.
   Policy Implications:
   The analysis underscores the need for financial institutions and policymakers to address nature-related physical risks by incorporating ecological resilience into regulatory frameworks, promoting sustainable practices, and reducing negative impacts on ecosystems. Further research is required for comprehensive risk assessments.