世界银行-全球灾后损失评估（GRADE）报告：阿富汗赫拉特6.3级地震序列，2023年10月（英）-39页._4mb

报告摘要

Earthquake Sequence: A series of four Mw 6.3 earthquakes occurred between October 7 and 15, 2023, centered west-north of Herat City.
Affected Areas: 11 districts in Herat Province (containing over 1.7 million people) experienced significant damage.
Casualties: A total of 1,482 fatalities and 2,100 injuries reported as of October 20, 2023.
Population Affected: Approximately 154,000 individuals (including 114,000 needing humanitarian aid) were severely impacted.
Social Vulnerability: High vulnerability observed due to predominantly rural populations (69%), reliance on agriculture, and widespread use of non-resilient housing (90% using paksha construction).

Total Estimated Damage: US$314 million (approx. 2.2% of 2021 GDP), covering rebuilding costs for residential, non-residential buildings, and infrastructure.
- Housing sector: US$125 million (40% of total).
- Non-residential structures: US$64.4 million.
- Infrastructure and agriculture: US$73.6 million.
Build Back Better: Additional costs of US$180 million (2.5x replacement value) may be needed for rebuilding better.

Gender Disparities: Women (58% of fatalities) and elderly more vulnerable due to occupation patterns and restricted mobility.
Rural-Urban Divide: Rural areas (69% of province) face heightened risk due to poorer infrastructure and economic dependencies.
Post-Conflict Challenges: An ongoing conflict precipitates constrained aid and governance issues.

Event Summary: The earthquakes represented a rare event with high human and economic impact in an underprepared region.
Economic Damage: Direct damage costs are estimated at approximately US$314 million, with significant variation by district.
Build Back Better Implications: Enhanced resilience measures will require substantial investment beyond damage repair.

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