2018-重建得更好_通过更强_更快和更具包容性的重建实现韧性（英文版）-3mb

BUILDING BACK BETTER Summary

Core Content

This report explores how post-disaster reconstruction can be leveraged to enhance resilience, reduce well-being losses, and build more robust and inclusive societies. It builds on the findings of the 2017 Unbreakable report and emphasizes the importance of stronger, faster, and more inclusive recovery strategies.

Main Viewpoints

• Building back stronger ensures that reconstructed assets are more resilient to future natural hazards. This reduces the risk to well-being and can lead to significant economic benefits.
• Building back faster accelerates the recovery process, allowing affected populations to restore income and assets more quickly. This can prevent long-term economic and social consequences.
• Building back more inclusively ensures that the poorest and most vulnerable communities receive the necessary support to recover, thereby reducing the long-term impacts of disasters on their well-being.

Key Information

Global Impact of Natural Disasters

• In 2017, global economic losses from natural disasters were estimated at over $330 billion.
• The impact on well-being, however, was significantly higher, estimated at $555 billion annually.
• The traditional focus on asset losses is insufficient; well-being losses are more critical and reflect the true impact on people.

Resilience and Vulnerability

• Resilience is defined as the ability of individuals and communities to cope with, receive support during, and recover from disasters.
• The report introduces a resilience metric that considers hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and socioeconomic resilience.
• Socioeconomic resilience is calculated as the ratio of asset losses to well-being losses.

Country-Level Analysis

• The report analyzes 149 countries, covering 95.5% of the world's population and 94% of global GDP.
• In small island developing states (SIDS), the risk to well-being is particularly high due to high exposure, frequent natural events, and concentrated assets.
• For SIDS, building back better could reduce disaster-related well-being losses by 59% on average, with some countries like Antigua & Barbuda seeing a 74% reduction.

Benefits of Building Back Better

• If all countries implemented building back stronger, faster, and more inclusively, global well-being losses could be reduced by 31%, equivalent to $173 billion annually.
• Building back stronger could reduce global well-being losses by 12% (or $65 billion annually) if all countries ensured that rebuilt assets could withstand hazards with a 50-year return period.
• Building back faster could reduce global well-being losses by 14% (or $75 billion annually) by accelerating reconstruction without compromising quality.
• Building back more inclusively could reduce global well-being losses by 9% (or $52 billion annually) by ensuring support reaches the poorest and most vulnerable.

Policy Recommendations

• Contingent reconstruction plans, pre-approved contracts, and financial arrangements can help speed up the recovery process.
• Social protection schemes, financial inclusion, and access to insurance and credit are essential for inclusive recovery.
• Disaster risk reduction and preparation should be integrated into post-disaster recovery to ensure long-term resilience.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of a comprehensive and integrated approach to post-disaster reconstruction. It highlights that building back better is not only about repairing damage but also about strengthening resilience and ensuring inclusivity in recovery efforts. This approach can significantly reduce the economic and social impacts of natural disasters, particularly in vulnerable regions like small island states.

Figures and Data Highlights

• Figure 1: Illustrates the relationship between well-being losses and resilience.
• Figure 2: Shows that asset risk disproportionately affects low-income countries.
• Figure 3: Demonstrates the global pattern of socioeconomic resilience.
• Figure 4: Highlights the high risk to well-being in low-income countries.
• Figure 5: Compares asset risk in small island states to other countries.
• Figure 6: Depicts socioeconomic resilience in small island states.
• Figure 7: Illustrates well-being risk in small island states.
• Figure 8: Shows the three phases of post-disaster recovery and the role of building back better in each.

Additional Notes

• The report is sponsored by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and the Climate Change Group of the World Bank.
• The study draws on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, particularly Priority 4, which emphasizes the opportunity for reconstruction to build more resilient societies.
• The analysis is based on data from the UNISDR Global Assessment Report 2015 (GAR15) and uses updated socio-economic indicators to reflect current conditions.