世界银行-巴布亚新几内亚国家经济备忘录：实现更快、更具包容性增长的途径（英）-2023-127页_9mb

Papua New Guinea Country Economic Memorandum Summary

Introduction and Key Challenges:

• Papua New Guinea's economic growth has been modest, with low per capita GDP growth due to high volatility, low productivity, and reliance on extractive resources.
• Governance is weak, characterized by competitive clientelism, limiting long-term policy commitments and reforms.
• Human capital underutilization is a major issue, with high stunting rates, low learning outcomes, and limited educational access.

Seeking Stability:

• Reduce economic volatility through fiscal consolidation, revenue mobilization, and countercyclical policies.
• Improve macroeconomic stability by reintroducing exchange rate flexibility, operationalizing the Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF), and enhancing data availability.

Boosting Productivity:

• Address business environment constraints, such as licensing barriers and SOE inefficiencies, to encourage competition and investment.
• Enhance infrastructure services, particularly energy and transportation, to support private sector growth.
• Strengthen legislation for gender equality in employment and access to economic inputs like land and credit.

Expanding Endowment:

• Invest in early childhood development, immunization, and quality education to improve human capital outcomes.
• Strengthen public service delivery management, with a focus on public financial management and data.
• Promote inclusive employment and address barriers to women's participation in the workforce.

Cross-Cutting Themes:

• Improve data availability and oversight mechanisms to empower reformers and facilitate accountability.
• Leverage non-state actors (e.g., civil society, private sector) to build coalitions for change.
• Tailor reforms to PNG's political economy context, focusing on pockets of effectiveness and issue-specific coalitions.

Reform Priorities:

• Stability: Fiscal consolidation, exchange rate flexibility, SWF operationalization.
• Productivity: Infrastructure improvement, competition enhancement, gender equality legislation.
• Endowment: Early childhood services, service delivery management, human capital workforce training.

Overall Focus:

• Achieve sustainable growth by combining stability, productivity gains, and human capital development, with governance reforms as a foundation.