亚开行-通过更具包容性的气候俱乐部绿化七国集团经济体（英）-2023.4-34页_1mb

Summary

This paper outlines a strategy for the G7 economies to accelerate their green transition and encourage other countries to follow suit.

Key Points

1. Strategy Elements:

   • Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and underpricing to address market disincentives.
   • Implementing improved carbon pricing (including taxes and tradable permits) to reflect environmental costs.
   • Recycling revenues to fund green innovation, key infrastructure, and offset adverse income/employment effects.

2. Climate Club Framework:

   • Form a Climate Club requiring fossil fuel pricing reforms as a precondition for membership.
   • Establish a differentiated carbon price floor for participating countries (lower for EMDEs, higher for G7 and high-income economies).
   • Impose a carbon import levy to combat carbon leakage and incentivize other countries to join.

3. Support for EMDEs:

   • Assist in adopting carbon pricing and complementary policies.
   • Promote novel, affordable policies that address poverty, development, and climate goals simultaneously, such as fossil fuel subsidy swaps and revenue recycling for nature-based solutions.

4. Challenges:

   • Addressing political resistance, such as energy price impacts on vulnerable groups, requiring targeted assistance like income support and infrastructure investments.

5. Conclusion:

   • A coordinated G7 strategy can drive inclusive climate action by fostering resilient economies and leveraging existing initiatives like JETPs to accelerate global transitions.