【联合国】基础设施行业《建筑和施工全球状况报告》_100页_5mb

报告摘要

2023 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction: Beyond Foundations
© 2024 United Nations Environment Programme

Key Findings

Emissions: Buildings account for ~21% of global greenhouse gas emissions (34% of global energy-related CO₂). Despite a 3.5% drop in energy intensity, energy demand and emissions increased by ~1%.
Energy Use: Global energy demand in buildings rose by 1%, with electricity use increasing to 35% of total energy (driven by cooling needs). Renewable energy’s share remains low (~6%).
Policy Status: 81 countries have building energy codes, but ~30% are outdated. Only ~5% of NDCs (as of 2022) align with net-zero targets.
Investment Trends: Global efficiency investment reached $285 billion in 2022, but is expected to decline in 2023 due to economic instability.
Adaptation: Climate change poses risks to building resilience, with limited progress in retrofits and policy coordination.
Innovations: Digitalization, decentralized energy systems, and biophilic design are emerging solutions.

The Buildings Breakthrough Initiative

Goal: Achieve near-zero emissions and climate resilience by 2030 (28 countries committed).
Actions: Harmonize definitions for low-carbon buildings, increase public procurement of zero-emission buildings, and create a matchmaking platform for EMDEs.

Roadmaps and Recommendations

Recommendations for Policymakers: Strengthen building codes, accelerate investments in decarbonization, and adopt climate action roadmaps (161 nations still require these roadmaps).
Recommendations for Private Sector: Invest in energy-efficient and net-zero buildings, promote circularity, and minimize embodied carbon.

Nature-Based Solutions

NbS (e.g., green roofs, constructed wetlands) and biophilic design improve resilience, biodiversity, and human well-being, but investments remain low (~$200 billion/year).

Conclusion

The sector is lagging in decarbonization due to fragmented policies, funding gaps, and slow retrofit rates. Accelerated action is urgent, with a focus on whole-life net-zero buildings, renewable energy integration, and inclusive climate policies.

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