2023年全球粮食和农业报告（英）-384页_25mb

Summary of the 2023 World Food and Agriculture Statistical Yearbook

Core Content

The 2023 World Food and Agriculture Statistical Yearbook provides a comprehensive overview of global agricultural trends, focusing on economic dimensions, production, trade, food security, and sustainability. It compiles data from various sources, including national statistical offices and FAO's partner agencies, to offer a detailed and internationally comparable picture of the agricultural sector.

Main Chapters and Key Points

Chapter 1: Economic Dimensions of Agriculture

• Agriculture Value Added:

  • Global agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added increased by 84% from 2000 to 2021, reaching USD 3.7 trillion.
  • In 2021, China, India, and the United States were the top contributors.
  • The share of agriculture in global GDP remained stable at around 4% since 2000, but the share in GDP increased in 2020 and 2021 due to the economic impact of the pandemic on other sectors.

• Employment:

  • Agriculture employed 873 million people globally in 2021, or 27% of the global workforce.
  • This is a decline from 40% in 2000, indicating a shift in employment patterns.
  • Women's participation in agricultural employment varied across regions, with notable data in top countries (see Table 12).

• Inputs:

  • Pesticide use increased by 62% from 2000 to 2021, with the Americas accounting for 50% of global usage in 2021.
  • Inorganic fertilizer use reached 195 million tonnes of nutrients in 2021, with 56% being nitrogen.

Chapter 2: Production, Trade and Prices of Commodities

• Production:

  • Crops: The world production of primary crops increased significantly, with Asia and the Americas being the main contributors.
  • Livestock: Production of meat, milk, and eggs rose, with China, India, and the US leading in output.
  • Fisheries and Aquaculture: Global capture fisheries and aquaculture production was highlighted, with major producers in the Americas and Asia.
  • Forestry: Roundwood and selected forest products were reported, with Asia having the largest share.

• Trade:

  • Food exports reached USD 1.4 trillion in 2021.
  • Cereals were the most traded commodity, with major exporters including Russia, Ukraine, and the US.
  • Food net trade and import/export statistics are presented by region and commodity group (see Tables 29-34).

• Prices:

  • The FAO Food Price Index and Fish Price Index are included, showing price fluctuations from 2014-2016 as a base.
  • Annual changes in prices received by farmers were reported, highlighting regional disparities.
  • Food inflation was noted, with the Americas and Europe showing higher rates in 2022.

Chapter 3: Food Security and Nutrition

• Food Security:

  • Undernourishment was estimated at 735 million people globally in 2020-2022, with Africa and Asia being the most affected.
  • The prevalence of undernourishment reached 14.5% in Africa in 2021, up from 14.5% in 2000.
  • Food insecurity levels varied by region and sex, with higher levels in Africa and Asia.

• Nutrition:

  • Average dietary energy supply was reported by region, with Asia having the highest.
  • Protein supply was also analyzed, showing differences by origin and region.
  • Stunting and obesity were highlighted as key indicators of nutritional status, with Africa and Asia having the highest rates of stunting, and Oceania and Americas showing higher obesity prevalence.

Chapter 4: Sustainability and Environmental Aspects of Agriculture

• Land Use:

  • Global agricultural land was 4.79 billion hectares in 2021, down 2% from 2000.
  • Cropland increased by 6%, while permanent meadows and pastures decreased by 5%.
  • Africa overtook Europe in cropland area in 2018.
  • Irrigation area reached 352 million hectares in 2021, up 22% from 2000, with Asia accounting for 70% of the total.

• Water and Emissions:

  • Water stress was reported, with Asia and Africa facing the highest levels.
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems were 4.5 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent in 2021.
  • Emissions intensity varied by commodity, with meat and dairy showing higher values.

Key Figures and Tables

• Figure 1: Global agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added by region.

• Figure 2: Share of agriculture in global GDP by region.

• Figure 3: World agricultural land by use.

• Figure 4: Cropland area by region.

• Figure 5: World agricultural land by use and main countries.

• Figure 6: Cropland area per capita by region.

• Figure 7: Area equipped for irrigation by region.

• Figure B1: Estimated crop and livestock losses due to disasters by region (1991-2021).

• Figure B3: Cost of a healthy diet in 2021 and change compared with 2020.

• Figure B4: Average holdings' area by census round, top countries.

• Table 1: Value added of agriculture, forestry, and fishing (USD million, 2015 prices).

• Table 2: Share of agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added in total GDP (2015 prices).

• Table 3: Agricultural land by use (thousand hectares).

• Table 4: Cropland area per capita (ha per capita).

• Table 5: Area equipped for irrigation (thousand hectares).

• Table 6: Share of irrigation area in cropland area.

• Table 7: Share of water withdrawal by agriculture in total withdrawal (top countries, 2020).

• Table 8: Employment in agriculture, forestry, and fishing (thousand people).

• Table 9: Share of agricultural employment in total employment.

• Table 10: Share of women in agricultural employment (top countries, 2021).

• Table 11: Gross fixed capital formation as a share of value added (top countries, 2021).

• Table 12: Government expenditure on agriculture as a share of total outlays (top countries, 2019-2021).

Special Focus

• Disaster Impact (Box 1):

  • Disasters caused USD 3.8 trillion in production losses between 1991 and 2021, with an average of USD 123 billion per year.
  • Asia had the largest absolute losses, but Africa and Americas were more proportionally affected.

• Food Losses (Box 2):

  • Food loss percentages were presented by region, highlighting the issue of inefficiency in the supply chain.

• Healthy Diet Cost (Box 3):

  • The cost of a healthy diet was included, showing economic access to nutrition.

• Agricultural Censuses (Box 4):

  • Structural data from agricultural censuses were highlighted, enabling cross-country and cross-census comparisons.

Data and Methodology

• The data is based on the UN M49 classification and FAO country names.
• Regional aggregates are derived from the UN M49 classification, with some indicators based on the 2023 report.
• Aggregations use sum and weighted mean, with a sufficiency condition requiring at least 50% of the variable and weighting variable to be reported.
• The cut-off date for data is 16 October 2023.
• Missing data is indicated by a blank, and zero or negligible values are represented by 0 or 0.0.

Conclusion

The 2023 Statistical Yearbook underscores the economic significance of agriculture, the impact of disasters, and the environmental sustainability of agricultural practices. It also emphasizes the importance of data in shaping policies for food security and nutrition, while highlighting the global trends in production, trade, and resource use.