2017年-世界发展银行全球_Municipal_Energy_Efficiency_Plan_for_the_City_of_Almaty_125页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of "Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty"

Core Content

This document outlines the Municipal Energy Efficiency Plan for Almaty, developed as part of the Kazakhstan Energy Efficiency Project (P130013), supported by the World Bank's Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The study, conducted between November 2016 and November 2017, uses the Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE 2.0) to evaluate energy performance across municipal sectors and identify energy efficiency (EE) opportunities. The plan aims to develop a comprehensive strategy for improving energy efficiency in Almaty over the next 13 years, up to 2030.

Main Objectives

The study's primary goals are:

To reduce energy consumption in Almaty
To diminish energy-related expenditures from the municipal budget
To improve municipal service delivery for city residents
To create an enabling environment for sustainable energy financing
To support the national Green Economy Concept (GEC) by promoting renewable energy (RE) and reducing energy intensity

Key Sectors and Prioritization

The report identifies ten key sectors for EE interventions, with six priority sectors under direct municipal control:

District Heating
Municipal Public Buildings
Urban Transport
Street Lighting
Water & Wastewater
Municipal Solid Waste

Four additional sectors have limited municipal control:

Residential Buildings
Private & Commercial Transport
Power System
Commercial & Industrial Sector

The prioritization is based on three key factors:

Energy spending
Energy intensity
Level of municipal control

Energy Performance and Baseline

In 2015 (baseline year), Almaty's primary energy consumption (PEC) was 42.4 billion kWh, with 22% of energy losses in the transformation and distribution system. The final energy consumption (FEC) was 32,325 GWh, with the transport sector being the largest consumer, accounting for 37% of FEC in the form of gasoline and diesel. The residential sector consumed 10.4 billion kWh annually, representing 31% of FEC. Municipal service sectors consumed 1,565 GWh, or 5% of FEC, with municipal public buildings being the largest users at 65%.

The annual energy expenditure for all sectors in Almaty was KZT 390 billion (US$ 1.7 billion), or 5% of the city's GDP. Energy costs for the six sectors under municipal control amounted to KZT 14.3 billion (US$ 64 million), or 3.1% of the municipal budget.

Energy Efficiency Investment Program

The EE investment program consists of 54 measures across 10 sector packages, with a total investment of US$ 3.25 billion over the next 13 years. These measures aim to:

Reduce energy losses
Improve energy efficiency in production and distribution
Increase the use of renewable energy (RE)
Lower CO2 emissions and improve air quality

Projected Savings

24% reduction in city-wide PEC by 2030
Annual savings of 10.4 billion kWh
Annual cost savings of US$ 289 million
34% reduction in energy consumption in municipal sectors
1.94 billion kWh of annual savings
Annual savings of US$ 73 million

Sector-Specific Targets

Sector	Target
Municipal Public Buildings	26% reduction in energy use; 253 GWh/year savings
District Heating	Reduce energy losses from 37% to 25%
Street Lighting	60% energy savings
Public Transport	5–10% reduction in individual motorized transport; increase in attractiveness
Water & Wastewater	40% reduction in water losses; 20% electricity savings at pumping stations
Municipal Solid Waste	80% of waste volume sorted for recycling or composting; 30% reduction in fuel consumption for waste collection vehicles

Implementation Strategy

The implementation of the EE plan requires:

A short- and medium-term EE plan adopted by the city council
Establishment of a dedicated municipal EE agency with a clear mandate, qualified staff, and an appropriate budget
Development of sustainable financing mechanisms, including:
- Government programs
- Loans
- Commercial financing
- Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
- Energy Performance Contracting (EPC)
- Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)

A roadmap for the next 24 months includes:

Drafting the business plan for ESCO/PPP
Piloting the EPC-PPP model in street lighting and public buildings
Procurement of works and services
Implementation and supervision
Benchmarking and energy performance monitoring

Financing and Economic Analysis

The payback period for EE measures ranges from 5 to 30 years, with an average of 12 years
Measures targeting loss reduction, power, and central heat generation have shorter payback periods (less than 10 years)
Renewable energy projects (e.g., biogas, solar PV) have acceptable profitability
A cost-benefit analysis indicates that most sectors will achieve energy cost savings exceeding investment costs over a 20-year period, except for the water supply sector

Conclusion

The EE plan for Almaty is designed to support the city's sustainable development and national energy goals, with a focus on reducing energy consumption, improving service delivery, and attracting private investment. It outlines a comprehensive strategy that includes both investment measures and non-investment activities, such as policy development, capacity building, and financing mechanisms. The plan is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 25% and save significant municipal budget resources, while also enhancing the quality of life for Almaty residents.