2017年-世界发展银行全球_Municipal_Energy_Efficiency_Plan_for_the_City_of_Astana_119页_3mb

Summary of "Kazakhstan: Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty"

Core Content

This report outlines the findings and recommendations of the "Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty" study, conducted by the World Bank between November 2016 and November 2017. The study, supported by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), aims to develop an Energy Efficiency (EE) strategy for Astana for the next 12 years, up to 2030. The plan focuses on assessing and improving the energy performance of municipal service sectors and identifying opportunities for energy efficiency interventions.

The study uses the Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE 2.0) to benchmark Astana against similar cities, identify energy-saving potential, and prioritize sectors for intervention. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive EE investment program and the development of sustainable financing mechanisms to support the implementation of energy efficiency measures.

Main Objectives

• To reduce energy consumption and energy-related expenditures in municipal sectors.
• To improve the quality of municipal services and living conditions for residents.
• To promote the use of renewable energy (RE) and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
• To create a favorable enabling environment for private investment in energy efficiency.

Key Sectors and Priorities

The study identifies 10 key sectors for energy efficiency interventions, with 6 under direct municipal control and 4 with limited municipal control. The top priority sectors are:

• Municipal public buildings
• Street lighting
• Urban transport
• District heating
• Waste management
• Water & wastewater

Other sectors include residential buildings, commercial & industrial sector, power system, and private transport.

Sector-Specific Goals

Key Findings

• In 2015, the city-wide final energy consumption (FEC) in Astana was 15,389 GWh, with residential buildings being the largest consumers at 37%.
• Primary energy consumption (PEC) in 2015 was 22 TWh, with 30% being losses in the energy transformation and distribution system.
• The EE investment program includes 50 measures and requires a total investment of US$ 1.34 billion over 12 years.
• The plan projects a 23% reduction in PEC by 2030, resulting in 5 billion kWh of annual energy savings and US$ 140 million in annual cost savings.
• Coal consumption is expected to be reduced by 30%, saving 1 million tons of coal annually.
• CO₂ emissions are projected to decrease by 24%, equivalent to 1.7 million tons of CO₂ per year.
• Renewable energy use is targeted to reach 417 GWh/year, which is at least 2% of the city’s PEC.

Economic and Financial Analysis

• The payback period for EE measures ranges from 4 to over 50 years, with an average of 10 years.
• Projects targeting energy losses in power and district heating systems have the shortest payback periods, under 8 years.
• Renewable energy projects, such as biogas and photovoltaic (PV), show acceptable profitability and potential for public-private partnerships (PPPs).
• A cost-benefit analysis indicates that most sectors will achieve accumulated savings exceeding investment costs over a 20-year period, except for public transport and water supply sectors.
• The financial viability of the EE program depends on sustainable financing mechanisms, including grants, loans, and PPP schemes.

Implementation Plan

• The City Administration (CA) of Astana is encouraged to take immediate actions in three areas:

  1. Adopt a short- and medium-term EE plan to politically commit to EE targets.
  2. Establish a Municipal Energy Efficiency Agency (MEA) to draft and oversee the implementation of the EE plan.
  3. Develop and promote sustainable financing mechanisms that consider multi-year energy savings for repayment.

• A roadmap for implementation over the next 24 months includes:

  • Drafting business plans for ESCO/PPP
  • Piloting the Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) model in street lighting and public buildings
  • Procurement and supervision of works and services
  • Benchmarking and performance monitoring

Financing Options

The study recommends a multi-source financing approach to support the US$ 1.34 billion investment plan:

1. Grants from the municipal budget or government programs
2. Debt loan financing with soft loan conditions from government or commercial institutions
3. Commercial funding through public-private partnerships (PPPs), service contracts, and operation contracts

A suitable financing structure should be designed based on the financial viability and project features to ensure loan or private co-financing is feasible.

Conclusion

The Energy Efficiency Plan for Astana is a comprehensive strategy aimed at improving energy performance, reducing costs, and enhancing service delivery. It is aligned with national and local energy and climate goals, particularly the Green Economy Concept (GEC), which aims to reduce energy intensity and increase renewable energy use. The plan emphasizes the importance of institutional capacity, financing mechanisms, and sustainable implementation to achieve long-term energy savings and environmental benefits.