2004年-世界发展银行全球_Mali___Transport_Support_to_Sustainable_Economic_Growth_50页_4mb

报告摘要

Summary of Report No. 27669-MLI: Republic of Mali Transport Support to Sustainable Economic Growth

Core Content

This report, prepared by the World Bank, outlines the current state and future challenges of Mali's transport sector, emphasizing its critical role in sustainable economic growth and poverty alleviation. It is aligned with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and the FY04-06 Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) and serves as a foundation for the development of the Transport Sector Project (TSP2) and the Transport Corridors Improvement Project (TCIP). The report identifies key areas for reform and outlines a three-pillar strategy to guide the future of Mali's transport system.

Main Objectives

The report's primary objectives are:

To strengthen existing transport reforms.
To define the next steps in a reform program for the transport sector.

These objectives are aligned with the broader goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).

Key Findings and Challenges

1. Transport Infrastructure

Mali's road infrastructure is in poor condition, particularly rural primary and secondary roads.
Road network density is among the lowest globally, with only 1.04 km of road per 100 km².
The majority of roads are dirt roads, with about 10,000 km of rural roads and 1,700 km of urban/inter-urban roads.
In 2002, only 43.5% of paved roads were in good or somewhat good condition, while urban/inter-urban and rural roads had lower ratings (28.3% and 4.0%, respectively).
The classified road network is expected to increase from 13,000 km to 80,300 km of primary and secondary roads, but this requires significant investment and reform in maintenance and management.

2. Transport Spending and Management

Road maintenance and construction spending has been flat in real terms since 1996 and declined by 25% as a share of GDP since 1999.
Mali has committed to increasing users fees to FCFA 9 billion (USD 18 million) by 2008 to boost road maintenance spending.
The creation of the AGEROUTE (Contracting Agency for Road Maintenance) is planned for 2004 to improve the management of road maintenance.
The Government aims to increase the share of local funding for road maintenance from 50% in 2002 to 80% in 2008.

3. Transport Service Providers

The trucking industry is inefficient due to small operators, an aging fleet, over-supply, and cartel pricing.
Informal operators play a vital role in the distribution of goods and urban transport.
There is a need to improve the efficiency and reliability of the transport service providers.

4. Impact of External Events

The Côte d'Ivoire crisis disrupted international traffic, leading to a significant shift in trade corridors.
Mali is investing in upgrading international road corridors to accommodate displaced trade.

5. Cross-Cutting Issues

Trade and transport are closely linked, with the need to liberalize the economy, remove trade barriers, and improve market access.
Regional integration and transport facilitation are essential for economic competitiveness.
Institutional capacity is a major concern, especially with the privatization of rail and airport operators.
Transport plays a key role in poverty alleviation, particularly through rural access roads.
HIV/AIDS prevention and health services accessibility are also important cross-cutting issues.
Safety is a critical concern, with the need for better enforcement of technical inspections and axle weight regulations.

6. Transport and the Economy

Road transport accounts for 90% of all cargo movement, with 95% of domestic and 84% of international cargo transported by road.
Domestic road cargo traffic grew at 2% per year between 1995 and 2001, while international traffic grew at 12% per year.
The loss of competitiveness in the state-owned rail operator has led to a shift in modal share toward road transport.

Proposed Three Pillar Strategy

Pillar 1: Promote Sustainable Development of Transport Infrastructure

Ensure adequate financial and human resources are allocated to infrastructure maintenance.
Increase the budget for road maintenance from FCFA 16 billion in 2002 to FCFA 25 billion by 2008.
Allocate FCFA 25 billion for urban and inter-urban road maintenance, FCFA 15 billion for primary network road construction/upgrading, and FCFA 10 billion for rural access roads.
Increase the share of local funding for maintenance from 50% in 2002 to 80% in 2008.
By 2006, at least 50% of multi-year road maintenance contracts should be funded annually.
By 2008, 75% of multi-year road maintenance contracts should be performance-based.

Pillar 2: Increase Transport Sector Efficiency

Continue current reforms, including the rapid creation of AGEROUTE.
Lift all restrictions on international truck services to/from Mali by 2005.
Lower import tariff rates on new truck equipment to 10% or less by the end of 2004.
Reduce the tax burden on leasing instruments used for financing equipment acquisition.
Enforce technical inspection requirements for trucks, aiming to inspect 90% of all registered trucks by the end of 2005.
Install axle weight measuring equipment at each border crossing by the end of 2005 to enforce regulations.

Pillar 3: Support Cross-Sectoral Initiatives

Focus on economic competitiveness, road safety, rural poverty alleviation, HIV/AIDS prevention, and health services accessibility.
Ensure that transport investment and maintenance strategies incorporate social evaluation criteria to reflect the impact on rural communities.

Key Documents and Future Work

A Transport Master Plan, Public Expenditure Review (PER), and Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) will be developed to support the TCIP and TSP2.
These documents will evaluate the feasibility of transport investments, review financing and budgeting processes, and define strategic and performance-based objectives.
The findings and recommendations of this ESW will need to be updated bi-annually to reflect changes in the operational environment of the transport sector.

Conclusion

The report highlights the critical need for investment in and reform of Mali's transport sector to support economic growth and poverty reduction. It outlines a three-pillar strategy that includes infrastructure maintenance, sector efficiency, and cross-sectoral initiatives. The implementation of these strategies will require close collaboration with the Government, donors, and private operators, as well as the development of a coherent policy framework and regulatory capacity.

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